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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eating Disorder:
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-Severe alterations in eating patterns causing physiological changes.
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Anorexia
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-extreme self starvation
-BMI < 17.5 |
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Bulimia Nervosa
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-"Binge eating" followed by purging
-Hide binge and purge habits |
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Treatment for Eating Disorder
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-No simple 1-size-fits-all therapy
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Water-fluids
total |
17 liters-outside cells
25 liters-inside cells |
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Fluid functions
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-body temperature regulation
-removes body waste, toxins -carries nutrients and oxygen to cells -lubricates joints and tissues |
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Requirements for fluids
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13 cups/day for men
9 cups/day for women |
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Dehydration
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-Fluid loss greater than intake
Compounds over time |
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Thirst Mechanism
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-Not always reliable
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Body conserves Fluid:
1.Antidiuretic hormone 2.Aldosterone hormone |
1.forces the kidney to reduce urine flow
2.signals kidney to retain sodium (water) |
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Athletes and Physically Active
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-Hydration #1 nutrition concern
-Drink before, during, after |
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Monitor Sweat Rate
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-Use training to learn fluid needs
-Weigh before and after -20-24 oz of fluid per pound lost -2-3 cups per pound |
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Dehydration Signs
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Primary Symptons
-thirst -fatigue -muscle cramps -Dizziness |
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Sodium and Hydration:
-Hyponatremia |
1 lb sweat=500 mg sodium/ 16 oz of fluids (2 cups)
-low blood sodium: caused hydrating without Sodium |
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Sodium
-Fluids with sodium or foods with sodium |
-clear, sports drinks with sodium
20 oz Gatorade=300 mg sodium |
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Hydrators
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-water
-clear sports drinks -juice -milk |
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Techniques to increase fluids
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-Regular Schedule
-squeeze bottles -Pitchers filled with fluid needs |
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Nutrition for Athlete:
-Energy Requirements |
-vary for each athlete
-gender, age, height/weight etc. |
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Carbohydrates:
-primary working ___ __ -prevent ___ ___ |
-muscle fuel (glucose, and glycogen)
-muscle fatigue |
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Carb loading
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-increase liver and active muscle glycogen
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Protein Functions
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-build, maintain, repair tissues
-muscle, tendon, ligament recovery -healthy immune system |
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Fat
-__ total of calories -__ fat under 10% -emphasis on __ |
-20-35%
-Saturated -essential |
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Lean body mass weight gain
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-High in calories
-BEE (muscle mass)+physical activity+need to gain weight -at least + 500 calories/day |
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Strategies for eating more
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-frequent meals and snacks
-limit low and fat free foods -eat at least 3 items per meal |
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Weight loss
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-Slow
-Off season -eat for what you are going to do -easier to eat less than train more for athletes |
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Weight to low
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-poor kid/teen growth
-abnormal menstruation -poor training response -poor performance |
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Pre-competition eating
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-very individual
-nutrition goals -psychological goals |
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Recovery
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-workout/practice/game event
-need: CHO, PRO, Fluids, breakfast |
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Sports Anemia
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-increased plasma volume: decreased red blood cell concentration
-decreased endurance -iron supplement, well balanced diet |
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Popular supplements
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1.multivitamin-mineral tablet
2.meal replacement powder 3.meal replacement bars 4.creatine 5.fish oil 6.flax oil 7.Glucosamine/Chondroitin |
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nutrition for Pregnancy
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-adequate balanced diet
-Protein +25 grams/day -Folate: 600-1000 synthetic mcg/day -Iron: 27-30 mg/day -Calcium: 1000-1300 mg/day |
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Basic nutrition guidelines
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-Prenatal vitamin-mineral supplement
-no alcohol -moderate caffeine, sugar sub -adequate fluids -limit mercury containing fish |
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WIC organization
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-Women, infants, children
-reduced income families - |
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Appropriate weight gain
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-helps prevent low-birth weight
-helps prevent excess weight gain |
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Needs based on Development
-first trimester (week 0-13) -second and third trimester |
-2-4 lbs weight gain, no additional calories, increased nutrients-folate
-Average 1 lb/week gain, > calories- 300/day, > nutrients |
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Nutrition Related problems
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-Morning sickness
-fluid retention -constipation -Food craving-aversions -Heartburn |
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Nutrition needs for breastfeeding mom
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-+ 500 calories/day or more
-+20 grams protein or more -8-12 cups of fluids |
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Amount/quality of breastmilk
-poor diet |
-does not affect milk quality
-alcohol/ smoking limits amount produced -increase fluids and protein to increase milk supply |
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Colostrum
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-Fluids may be produced before delivery, few days after
-thick, clear-yellow fluid -Contains antibodies, anti-infective factors |
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Mature milk
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-gradually comes in over the 1st 2 weeks
-thin, watery, slightly bluish |
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Unique compostion
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-58% fat
-Lactose-CHO -minimal digestion, low renal solute load 200+ other substances |
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Milk Composition
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-Foremilk: resembles skim milk
-17% fat, 74% CHO, 9% protein -Hindmilk: resembles cream -66% fat, 28% CHO, 6% PRO |
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Breastmilk points of interest
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-health benefits
-minimal spitting -food flavors transfers |
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Breastfeeding guidlines
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-feed on demand
-baby needs more the mom will produce more -proper latching on -No bottles -mom's milk production will adjust to feeding routine |
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Who has the Greatest influence on the likelihood of breastfeeding?
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DAD
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Nutrition for Birth to 1 year
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-breastmilk or formula primary nutrition
-GI and kidney development -Rapid growth |
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Formula contains
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1.lacotse/sucrise (CHO)
2.casein, whey (PRO) 3.Vegetable oils (FAT) |
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Other formulas contain
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-Soy contains soy protein
-Vitamins-minerals fortified, high iron |
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Formula needs
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-20 calories/oz
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Standard formula type
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-essential fatty acid enhanced
-modified for gassy, and spitty babies -organic -lactose free |
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Other formula types
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-follow-up (6-12 months)
-Soy-protein -hypoallergenic-Protein sensitivity -Preemie -Medical |
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Immature GI tract
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-protein intolerance
-usually improves in 1st year |
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Formula tips
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-Mix according to instructions
-Food safety-GI problems |
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4-6 months
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-introduce solids
-developmental feeding milestones -iron-fortified rice cereal -then vegetables-fruits |
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Nursing bottle caries
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-severe tooth decay
-no juice or sweetened beverages in bottle -no bottle in bed -wipe off teeth with a washcloth, brush 2 times/day |
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6-12 months
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-Mashed, soft foods to small chunks
-introduce foods according to ability -eating is a part of motor skill development -caution with foods that could cause choking |
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Adequate nutrition
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-growth curves:weight,length etc.
-Hemoglobin: if anemic-liquid iron, supplements for teens -Normal development |
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1-5 years
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-growth slows dramatically
-Food provided:nutrients, tools for decision making -provide food pyramid balance, healthy choices |
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1-5 years needs
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-whole milk from 1-2 years old
-appetite dependent on growth and activity level -intuitive eaters -taste preferences established |
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Stool concerns
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-stooling: discomfort
-diarrhea-dehydration |
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5-10 years
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-continued slow growth
-regular meals and snacks |
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5-10 years common concerns
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-hyperactivity: not sugar related, no caffeine, routine meals
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Adolescents
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-rapid growth triggered by hormones
-calories up to 4000-5000/day during growth spurts -iron, calcium, Vitamin D, pro -All DRI's increase |
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Mealtime
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-very important: goal to have 5 dinners a week
-distraction free -enjoyable -try to increase |
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Child Hunger/Food Insecurity
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-USDA- >35million Americans food insecure
-Programs: food stamps |
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Healthy foods to give
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Canned: beans, etc.
Dry: cereal, whole grain, etc. |
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Public policy School Nutrition:
-Healthy school summit |
-provide a healthy environment where children learn and participate in + dietary and lifestyle behaviors and practices
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Weight loss for Children/teens
1.Weight Goals 2.Behavior Goals 3.Teach |
1.maintain weight, grow into weight, lose very slowly
2.increase physical activity, health diet-food pryamid balance 3.increased activity and fitness, appropriate portion sizes, family involvement |
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Nutrition for older americans:
-diet and aging |
-decrease body processes and function
-we are less like other people our own age -Vary goals: health improvement, treatment, survival |
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-Nutrition needs
-Calories needs -Protein needs -Fluids-adequate -Fiber-adequate |
-increase: calcium, vitamin d
-decreases -increase -increase -increase |
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Malnutrition Risk
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-involuntary weight loss or gain
-eating poorly |
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Malnutrition
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-easier to prevent than cure
-side effects: poor immune system, frequent illness, greater risk of infection |
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Encourage Healthy, Regular eating
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-eat regular, small, frequent meals
-good lighting, cooking, and eating areas |
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Hypertension
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-high blood pressure
-1/5 Americans, only 1/2 are treated -increase risk for heart disease |
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Hypertension Treatment: 5 steps
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1.Weight loss
2.Exercise 3.Adequate pottasium, calcium, magnesium 4.Moderate to low sodium 5.Sensible alcohol intake |
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Dash Diet: blood pressure control diet
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-6-8 grains
-4-5 fruits, and 4-5 vegetables -2-3 dairy, < 2 meats -1 nut, seed or legume -moderate sodium, and alcohol |
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Diabetes:
-Type 1 -Type 2 or (adult onset) |
-body is unable to regulate healthy levels of blood sugars
-Type 1:pancreas doesn't produce insulin -Type 2:insulin doesn't deliver glucose to cells effectively |
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dietary glucose is composed of
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-Sucrose, disaccharides: candy
-Complex CHO:refined CHO, pasta -Gram for gram CHO is CHO |
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Type 1-insulin dependent diet
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-diet(CHO) coincides with insulin therapy: 15gm CHO:1 unit insulin
-Establish CHO intake/pattern -Balanced Diet |
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Adult onset-Type 2 diet
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-weight loss
-balanced diet |
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Hypoglycemia-unrelated diabetes
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-pancreas over produces insulin in response to CHO intake
-High PRO (30-40%), Low CHO (40%) diet -Regulate meals, snacks -Exercise -Stress Management |
