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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bias
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collecting data in a non-random way that generated unreliable results
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Census
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examining or counting the entire population
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Central limit theorem
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the mean of many samples approximates the true population mean
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Determinism
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collecting a sample in such a way that the results are not random
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Effect
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the difference between two things being studied
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Experiment
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collecting data through tests in a controlled environment
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Generalizability
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when the findings of a study using a sample may be accurately inferred to the population
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Hawthorne effect
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the subjects can harm the research
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Inferential
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methods used to determine something ("to infer") about a population, based on the sample
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Milgram effect
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research can harm the subjects
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Non-probability sampling
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collecting data by conducting a test in a controlled environment
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Observation
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one item in the sample
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Observational research
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collecting data by watching something
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Parameter
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a characteristic of a population
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Population
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a collection of all possible observations
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Probability sampling
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collecting a sample in such a way that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
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Random
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each item in the population has the same chance of being selected
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Representative
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the sample matches the population
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Respondent
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someone who completes a survey
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Sample
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a portion, or part of the population of interest
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Sampling error
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the difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter
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Secondary data
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data that have been collected by someone else
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Statistic
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a characteristic of a sample
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Survey
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collecting data by asking people questions, such as in a telephone interview, Internet survey, or a pencil-and-paper survey
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Validity
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when data accurately measure what they are intended to measure
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