Applied Pharmacology Chp. 7

Front 1

bradycardia

Back 1

slower than normal heart rate

Front 2

tachycardia

Back 2

faster than normal heart rate

Front 3

the ______ ventricular wall is thicker than the _____

Back 3

left, right

Front 4

systole

Back 4

period of chamber contraction

Front 5

diastole

Back 5

chamber relaxtion phase

Front 6

4 main structures that make up the cardiac conduction system

Back 6

1- SA node
2- AV node
3- bundle of His
4- Purkinje fibers

Front 7

chronotropic

Back 7

affecting the heart rate

Front 8

inotropic

Back 8

affecting the force of cardiac muscle contraction

Front 9

stroke volume

Back 9

amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle w/each heart beat

Front 10

4 compensatory mechanisms of cardiovascular system

Back 10

1- increasing heart rate
2- increasing stroke volume
3- increasing heart muscle efficiency
4- physiologic heart enlargement

Front 11

5 basic objectives of tx of cardiovascular disease

Back 11

1- control rhythm disturbances
2- maintain/increase cardiac output
3- relieve fluid accumulations
4- increase oxygenation of blood
5- ancillary tx

Front 12

cardiac glycoside [digitalis]

Back 12

Digoxin

Front 13

3 clinical uses of cardiac glycosides

Back 13

1- tx of CHF
2- atrial fibrillation
3- supraventricular tachycardia

Front 14

digitalis ______ the level of Ca ions by way of inhibition of ______

Back 14

increases, Na-K-ATPase

Front 15

3 adverse side effects of digitalis

Back 15

1- vomiting
2- diarrhea
3- anorexia

Front 16

4 categories of antiarrhythmic drugs

Back 16

1- Class IA, IB, IC
2- Class II
3- Class III
4- Class IV

Front 17

1 example of each of the 4 antiarrhythmic drug categories

Back 17

Class I: lidocaine
Class II: atenolol
Class III: bretylium
Class IV: verapamil

Front 18

adverse side effects from each of the antiarrythmic drug categories [except Class III]

Back 18

Class I: anorexia, v/d
Class II: bradycardia, lethargy
Class IV: hypotension, tachycardia

Front 19

angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal glands to produce ______

Back 19

aldosterone

Front 20

vasodilator drugs act by dilating _____, ______, or _____

Back 20

arteries, veins, both

Front 21

4 vasodilator drugs & are they arteriolar, veno-, or combined dilators

Back 21

1- hydralazine [ateriolar]
2- nitroglycerin ointment [veno]
3- prazosin [combined]
4- ACE inhibitors [combined]

Front 22

3 main adverse side effects of vasodilator drugs

Back 22

1- hypotension
2- vomiting
3- diarrhea

Front 23

diuretics reduce the harmful effects of CHF by _____ _____ ______

Back 23

reducing plasma volume

Front 24

______ works rapidly to reduce pulmonary edema associated w/CHF

Back 24

furosemide [Lasix]

Front 25

loop diuretics work mainly in the _____ ___ _____

Back 25

Loop of Henle

Front 26

the 3 main diuretics used in vet med

Back 26

1- furosemide
2- thiazides
3- spironolactone

Front 27

3 adverse side effects of diuretics

Back 27

1- hypokalemia
2- hyponatremia
3- weakness

Front 28

2 primary goals of dietary management of heart disease

Back 28

1- sodium resctriction
2- maintenance of good body weight & condition

Front 29

increased sodium levels lead to _____ _____ & _____ _____ _____

Back 29

water retention, increased plasma volume

Front 30

5 ancillary treatments of heart failure

Back 30

1- bronchodilators
2- o2 therapy
3- sedation
4- aspirin
5- thoraco- or abdominocentesis