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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the 6 anatomic features of the urinary sytem
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2 kidneys
2 ureters bladder urethra |
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nephron
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basic functional unit of kidney
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hematuria
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bloody urine
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4 homeostatic factors that kidneys are involved in
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1- acid-base balance
2- electrolyte concentration regulation 3- blood volume control 4- blood pressure regulation |
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Diuretics
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- used to remove excess extracellular fluid
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diuretics remove excess fluid by _______ urine flow & Na secretion and _______ hypertension
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increasing, reducing
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5 classes of diuretics
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1- loop
2- osmotic 3- thiazide 4- K-sparing 5- carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
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glomerular filtrate is composed of ______ & ______ _______
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water, dissolved substances
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tubular reabsorption
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filters needed substances & returns them to the body
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name 4 reabsorbed materials [tubular reabsorption]
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1- h20
2- glucose 3- Na 4- K |
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2 main effects of tubular secretion
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1- to rid the body of certain materials
2- to help control pH |
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name 3 secreted substances [tubular secretion]
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1- K+
2- H+ 3- ammonia |
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if kidneys' functionality is decreased, _____ may not occur correctly
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erythropoiesis
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hormone secreted by healthy kidney that communicates w/bone marrow to make more RBCs
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erythropoietin
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3 characteristics of loop diuretics
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- highly potent
- inhibit tubular reabsorption of Na - promote secretion of Cl, K, & h2o |
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furosemide
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Lasix
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hypokalemia
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- low level of potassium
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clinical use for cholinergic agonists in renal dysfunction
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- used to help void the bladder by increasing the tone of the detrusor muscle
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antidote for cholinergic agonist
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atropine
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clinical use for anticholinergic drugs in renal dysfunction
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- used to treat urge incontinence by promoting retention of urine in the bladder
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clinical use of alpha-adrenergic antagonists in renal dysfunction
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- reduce internal sphincter tone when urethral sphincter is in hypertonus
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alpha-adrenergic antagonists are metabolized by the ______
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liver
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clinical use of beta-adrenergic antagonists in renal dysfunction
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- used to control mild to moderate hypertension
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ACE inhibitors block the conversion of _______ to _______
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angiotensin I, angiotensin II
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clinical use of ACE inhibitors
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- used to treat nonresponding hypertension
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enalapril
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Enacard
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ACE inhibitors are excreted by the ______
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kidneys
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ADH stands for ____ _____ and is normally secreted by the _____ _____ _____
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antidiuretic hormone, posterior pituitary gland
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clinical use of ADH
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- used to treat diabetes insipidus
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urinary acidifiers are used to assist in dissolving _____ _____
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struvite uroliths
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xanthine oxidase inhibitors are used for the dissolution of ____ ____ ____ _____
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ammonium acid urate uroliths
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urinary alkalizers may be used in management of what 2 kinds of uroliths?
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1- ammonium acid urate
2- calcium oxalate |
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when upper motor neurons are affected in urinary incontinence, the result is a _____ neuropathic bladder
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spastic
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when lower motor neurons are affected in urinary incontinence, the result is an _____ neuropathic bladder
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atonic
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