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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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respiratory system consists of ______ & ______
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lungs, passageways that carry air into & out of lungs
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upper resp tract consists of:
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- nostrils
- nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi |
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4 functions of the respiratory system
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1- oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange
2- acid-base balance regulation 3- body temp regulation 4- voice production |
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work of the resp system is divided into 4 parts:
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1- ventilation
2- distribution 3- diffusion 4- perfusion |
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3 protective mechanisms of resp system
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1- sneeze
2- cough 3- reverse sneeze |
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3 general goals of respiratory disease tx
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1- control of secretions
2- control of reflexes 3- maintaining normal airflow to alveoli |
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secretions may be reduced by ______ their production or ______ their elimination
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decreasing, increasing
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Expectorants
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- drugs that liquefy & dilute viscid secretions thereby helping in their evacuation
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expectorants are indicated when a __________ cough is present
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productive
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Mucolytics
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- decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions by altering the chemical comp of the mucus
- breaks down the mucus |
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Antitussives
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- drugs that inhibit/suppress coughing
- depress the cough center in the brain |
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antitussives are indicated when a _________ cough is present
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nonproductive
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4 categories of bronchodilators
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1- cholinergic blockers
2- antihistamines 3- beta-2-adrenergic agonists 4- methylxanthines |
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cholinergic blockers prevent the bronchoconstriction effects of ______
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acetylcholine
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Decongestants
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- drugs that reduce that congestion of nasal mebranes by reducing swelling
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decongestants act directly or indirectly to reduce congestion through _________ of blood vessels
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vasoconstriction
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Antihistamines
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- substances used to block the effects of histamines
- they prevent mast cell degranulation & block h1 receptors on smooth muscle |
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clinical uses for respiratory stimulants
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- for stimulation of respiration after anesthesia
- to speed awakening & restoration of reflexes after anesthesia |
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nebulization of drugs allows their delivery at _____ concentrations directly into _______ while _______ their blood levels
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high, airways, minimizing
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disadvantage of inhalant therapy:
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- airway pathology can interfere w/distribution of the drug
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