Applied Dental Materials 1 Lecture 3 (Finishing And Polishing/tooth Whitening)

Front 1

What word defines a grinding action produced by an aggregate of particles of greater hardness than the material being removed, which results in the formation of grooves on the surface of the material?

Back 1

abrasion

Front 2

What word defines a material composed of particles of sufficient hardness and sharpness that are capable of cutting or scratching a softer material (substrate) when drawn across its surface?

Back 2

abrasive

Front 3

What word defines a measure of the irregularity of a finished/polished surface, reported in micrometers?

Back 3

Surface roughness

Front 4

What is the abbreviation for surface roughness?

Back 4

Ra (technically, the a is a subscript)

Front 5

The smoother a surface is, the (higher/lower) its Ra value

Back 5

lower

Front 6

True or False, rough surfaces have HIGH Ra, smooth surfaces have LOW Ra

Back 6

True

Front 7

What is the term for a mechanical process by which gross irregularities are reduced, by which desired contours on a restoration or tooth preparation are developed, and by which overhanging restoration margins are corrected?

Back 7

finishing

Front 8

What is the terms for a mechanical, chemical or electrolytic process by which the height of irregularities on the surface of a material can be reduced to create a smooth, glossy surface?

Back 8

polishing

Front 9

True or False, both finishing and polishing are mechanical processes

Back 9

True (however, polishing can be chemical or electrolytic)

Front 10

What type of polishing involves using successively finer abrasives until a polished surface is achieved?

Back 10

mechanical polishing

Front 11

What type of polishing involves direct attack of surface irregularities by chemicals, in order to obtain a smooth surface?

Back 11

chemical polishing

Front 12

Is it chemical or mechanical polishing that is used in clinical practice?

Back 12

mechanical

Front 13

Which of these is true? (pick 1)

A. abrasive particles have many edges
B. abrasive particles are spherically shaped
C. abrasive particles are typically flat and round
D. abrasive particles are conically shaped

Back 13

A. abrasive particles have many edges

Front 14

Abrasive particles cause what type of deformation?

Back 14

plastic

Front 15

Abrasive particles (increase/decrease) surface hardness of material

Back 15

increase

Front 16

True or False, as abrasive particle size increases, it creates a rougher surface.

Back 16

True

Front 17

Abrasive particle size is (directly/inversely) related to smoothness of surface

Back 17

inversely

Front 18

Why should you rinse the tooth with each successive abrasive strength?

Back 18

To remove any residual products left over

Front 19

True or False, heat generated by frictional forces will not damage the tooth

Back 19

False, it can damage the tooth, tool, and restorative material. You should reduce frictional heat as much as possible

Front 20

What are two things that can be used to cool the instrument as you work?

Back 20

liquid (typically water) or air

Front 21

Movement of bur in direction (towards/opposite) its rotation results in a SMOOTHER surface

Back 21

opposite

Front 22

Harder abrasives cut (slower/faster)

Back 22

faster

Front 23

Sharp edges cut (faster/slower) than round edges

Back 23

faster

Front 24

What is the term for a measure of average size of abrasive particles?

Back 24

grit

Front 25

Larger particles, which are MORE abrasive, have a (larger/smaller) grit number

Back 25

smaller

Front 26

Smaller particles = (smaller/larger) grit number

Back 26

larger

Front 27

What is MORE abrasive, a smaller or larger grit number?

Back 27

smaller

Front 28

Fracture of brittle particles exposes (more/fewer) edges

Back 28

more

Front 29

(brittle/ductile) metals abrade rapidly, (brittle/ductile) metals clog tool

Back 29

brittle, ductile

Front 30

True or False, if you increase the force, you increase abrasion and generate more heat

Back 30

True

Front 31

If you increase the rate of speed of an abrasive, do you need more or less pressure to achieve similar results at low speed?

Back 31

less pressure

Front 32

Disks and strips are considered (bonded/coated) abrasives

Back 32

coated

Front 33

What is the super fancy-ass name for toothpaste? (actually applies to liquid, powders, and gels as well)

Back 33

dentifrice

Front 34

What component of dentifrice lowers surface tension of dentifrice and removes debris from tooth surface?

Back 34

detergent

Front 35

What component of dentifrice prevents dehydration?

Back 35

humectant

Front 36

sorbitol, glycerine, and propylene glycol are examples of what component of dentifrice?

Back 36

humectant

Front 37

What component of dentifrice controls consistency, keeps abrasives in suspension?

Back 37

binder

Front 38

sodium alginate is an example of what component of dentifrice?

Back 38

binder

Front 39

True or False, water is a component in dentifrice

Back 39

True (I hope you got this right...)

Front 40

saccharine, mannitol and sorbitol are all examples of what component of dentifrice?

Back 40

sweetening and flavoring agents (sorbitol is also a humectant)

Front 41

True or False, dentifrice contains no preservative because the other components all act as preservatives

Back 41

False

Front 42

What type of abrasive in dentifrice can inactivate fluoride ion?

Back 42

dibasic calcium phosphate

Front 43

What component of dentifrice should remove STAINS but not TOOTH structure?

Back 43

abrasive

Front 44

List some commonly used dentifrice abrasives

Back 44

calcium carbonate
calcium pyrophosphate

dicalcium phosphate dihydrate
anhydrous dicalcium phosphate

tricalcium phosphate

sodium metaphosphate

hydrated alumina

silica

Front 45

What are two examples of antibacterial ingredients in dentifrice?

Back 45

xylitol, triclosan

Front 46

What is a common desensitizer in dentifrice?

Back 46

potassium nitrate

Front 47

Which of these is considered EXTRAoral factors and which is INTRAoral factors controlling dentifrice abrasivity?

a. abrasive type, size and quantity in dentifrice

b. exposure of dental root surfaces

c. presence, quantity and quality of existing dental deposits (pellicle, plaque, calculus)

d. toothbrush type

e. patient's coordination ability

f. xerostomia induced by drugs, salivary gland pathology, and radiation therapy

g. saliva consistency and quantity

h. toothbrushing method, force applied during brushing, frequency and duration of brushing

i. presence of restorative materials, dental prostheses and orthodontic appliances

j. amount of dentifrice used

Back 47

Extraoral: a, d, e, h, j

Intraoral: b, c, f, g, i

Front 48

What are used for removal of exogenous stains, pellicle, materia alba and oral debris from tooth surfaces in clinic?

Back 48

Prophylactic pastes ("prophy" paste)

Front 49

Which of these 4 statements is TRUE regarding what a prophy paste should do?

a. cleansing agent, even if that means being very abrasive

b. polishing agent

c. Should NOT have anti-carious capabilities

d. able to reduce enamel solubility

Back 49

True: b, d
False: a, c

a. should not be unnecessarily abrasive

c. SHOULD have anti-cariogenic agents in it (NaF and SnF)

Front 50

Should prophy paste come before or after fluoride treatment?

Back 50

before

Front 51

Which of these are commonly used abrasives in prophy paste?

a. pumice
b. 1 micron diamond bits
c. quartz
e. zirconium silicate
f. anhydrous sulfate

Back 51

a, c, and e.

(b and f are NOT)

Front 52

Which two abrasives in prophy paste clean better BUT are more abrasive?

Back 52

Pumice and Quartz

Front 53

Dentin is abraded __ to ___ times more then enamel, regardless of abrasive

Back 53

5 to 6 times

Front 54

True or False, even soft food debris requires intense work to remove from dentures because of the material it is made from

Back 54

False, simple bushing and rinsing will work for soft food debris

Front 55

What component of some denture cleansers is a known allergen?

Back 55

potassium monopersulfate

Front 56

What denture cleaners decomposes in water to release peroxide and oxygen?

Back 56

sodium perborate (it's the perborate specifically that decomposes)

Front 57

Denture cleaners should be...

Difficult to remove or easy to remove?

Remove organic and inorganic material or JUST organic?

Should or should not be bactericidal and fungicidal?

Back 57

easy, both, should

Front 58

Should you store dentures in hot or cold water?

Back 58

cold (at least NOT hot water)

Front 59

denture resin, if left dry, undergoes contraction of what % volume?

Back 59

0.5

Front 60

True or False, you should always use hard bristles on dentures

Back 60

False

Front 61

You should avoid (organic/inorganic) solvents with dentures

Back 61

organic

Front 62

What is the chemical used in "power bleaching"?

Back 62

hydrogen peroxide (30-50%)

Front 63

How long should you apply carbamide peroxide (34-44%)?

Back 63

30 minutes

Front 64

Is carbamide peroxide (34-44%) an in-office or at-home bleaching system?

Back 64

in-office

Front 65

Is hydrogen peroxide (30-50%) an in-office or at-home bleaching system?

Back 65

in-office

Front 66

Where should you store hydrogen peroxide (30-50%) for bleaching purposes?

Back 66

refrigerator

Front 67

What is the concentration of carbamide peroxide used for in-office bleaching? At-home bleaching?

Back 67

34-44% in office; 10-22% at home

Front 68

What is the concentration of hydrogen peroxide used for in office bleaching? At home bleaching?

Back 68

30-50% in office; 1.5-6.0% at home

Front 69

What is the typical pH range for home whitening chemicals?

Back 69

4.3-6.6

Front 70

True or False, you should remove plaque prior to using at home bleaching?

Back 70

True

Front 71

Bleaching effectiveness related to number of ___ the product is used

Back 71

hours

Front 72

True or False, bleaching can damage gold, amalgam, porcelain, and microfilled composites

Back 72

FALSE!

Front 73

True or False, bleaching can damage hybrid ionomer, glass ionomer, hybrid and microhybrid composite resin

Back 73

TRUE

Front 74

What can happen if you bleach a set of mixed dentition? (in other words, a kid with some permanent and some primary teeth)

Back 74

Can leave the teeth looking different when the primary are replaced by permanent teeth

Front 75

True or False, fluorosis and tetracycline stains are two types of stain that bleaching will not work at all on

Back 75

False! It will work on these

Front 76

Is it safe to bleach dentin?

Back 76

No

Front 77

What happens if you bleach dentin?

Back 77

Peroxide bleaching agents easily diffuse through .5mm to produce cytotoxicity

Front 78

Peroxide bleaching agents are cytotoxic in (direct/inverse) proportion to their concentration

Back 78

direct

Front 79

True or False, it is advisable (with in-office bleaching) to use anesthesia first

Back 79

False, don't do this!

Front 80

True or False, bleaching can cause tooth sensitivity

Back 80

True (duhz.)

Front 81

How can bleaching indirectly cause TMJ issues?

Back 81

The bleaching tray causes it

Front 82

What effect does bleaching have on the margins of existing restorations?

Back 82

increases marginal leackage

Front 83

What does the oxygen released in bleaching products do to resin-containing dental materials?

Back 83

Interferes with polymerization

Front 84

True or False, the light used in "power bleaching" is a misnomer, it's a non-visible UV light

Back 84

FALSE!!! This light is bright and can harm the patient's eyes... have them use eyewear

Front 85

An abrasive cuts into a material known generally as what?

Back 85

substrate

Front 86

Fill in the blanks with the three words below:

___ occurs when a(n) ___ is drawn across the surface of a(n) _____

a. substrate
b. abrasive
c. abrasion

Back 86

abrasion occurs when a(n) abrasive is drawn across the surface of a(n) substrate