Appendix C Vocabulary

Front 1

absolute value

Back 1

the distance between a number and zero on the number line

Front 2

addend

Back 2

one of the numbers being added in an addition problem

Front 3

adjacent angles

Back 3

two angles that share a common side

Front 4

algebraic expression

Back 4

an expression that contains one or more variables

Front 5

alternate interior angles

Back 5

angles between parallel lines that are on opposite sides of the transversal

Front 6

angle

Back 6

formed when two lines intersect

Front 7

angle measure

Back 7

the number of degrees in an angle

Front 8

area

Back 8

the number of square units covered by a geometric figure

Front 9

arithmetic mean

Back 9

the average; the sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the set

Front 10

average

Back 10

the mean; the sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the set

Front 11

bar graph

Back 11

a graph that uses bars of different lengths to compare data

Front 12

circle graph

Back 12

a pie chart; a graph shapd like a circle that shows fractions, percents, or decimals as parts of the whole

Front 13

cone

Back 13

a three-dimensional object with a cricular base and a pointed top

Front 14

congruent

Back 14

having the same size and shape

Front 15

congruent angles

Back 15

two angles that have equal degree measure

Front 16

consecutive numbers

Back 16

integers or a subset of integers that are next to each other.

Front 17

consecutive integers

Back 17

integers that increase or decrease incrementally by 1

Front 18

coordinates

Back 18

the x and y values of a point in the coordinate plane, written (x,y)

Front 19

counting

Back 19

figuring the number of ways you can select members of a group

Front 20

counting principle

Back 20

fundamental principle of counting; if one event can happen in n ways, and for each of these, a second event can happen in m ways, the total ways in which the two events can happen is n times m

Front 21

counting number

Back 21

natural number; any positive integer

Front 22

cube

Back 22

a six-sided square prism. all sides are congruent

Front 23

cylinder

Back 23

a three-dimensional object with a circular top and an identical base

Front 24

decimal

Back 24

a rational number equivalent to a fraction whose denominator is a power of 10

Front 25

decimal places

Back 25

places to the right of the decimal

Front 26

degree

Back 26

1/360th of a circle; used to measure angles

Front 27

degree measure

Back 27

the size of an angle in degrees

Front 28

denominator

Back 28

the bottom number in a fraction

Front 29

diameter

Back 29

a line that divides a circle in half. it passes directly through the center of the circle and tht starts and ends on the edges of a circle

Front 30

difference

Back 30

the result of a subtraction problem

Front 31

digit

Back 31

a member of the set of all consecutive integers from 0 to 9

Front 32

dividend

Back 32

the number being divided in a division problem

Front 33

divisibility

Back 33

division with no remainder

Front 34

divisor

Back 34

the second number in a division problem

Front 35

equation

Back 35

a mathematical statement that uses an equal sign to show that two mathematical expressions are equal

Front 36

equilateral triangle

Back 36

a triangle with three equal sides and three equal angles that all measure 60 degrees

Front 37

even number

Back 37

a whole number that is divisible by 2

Front 38

exponent

Back 38

a number written to the upper right of a number that tels how many times to multiply tht number by itself

Front 39

factor

Back 39

a number that divides evenly into another number

Front 40

fraction

Back 40

a number written as a part over a whole; a numerator over a denominator

Front 41

fundamental principle of counting

Back 41

if one event can happen in n ways, and for each of these, a second event can happen in m ways, the total ways in which the two events can happen is n times m

Front 42

graph

Back 42

a visual representation

Front 43

heptagon

Back 43

a seven-sided polygon

Front 44

hexagon

Back 44

a six-sided polygon

Front 45

hundreds place

Back 45

the position of the third digit to the left of the decimal point

Front 46

hundredths place

Back 46

the position of the second digit to the right of the decimal point

Front 47

hypotenuse

Back 47

the side of a right triangle that is opposite the right angle; the longest side in a right triangle

Front 48

improper fraction

Back 48

a fraction with a numerator that is larger that the denominator

Front 49

inequality

Back 49

a mathematical sentence that shows the relationship between expressions that are not equal, using <,>,<=,>=

Front 50

integer

Back 50

any positive or negative whole number or 0

Front 51

irrational number

Back 51

any number that is not a rational number. a number is this if it can be written as a decimal that does not repeat and does not end

Front 52

isosceles triangle

Back 52

a triangle that has two equal sides and two equal angles

Front 53

line

Back 53

a straight line that goes on forever in both directions

Front 54

mean

Back 54

the average; the sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the set

Front 55

median

Back 55

the middle value of a set of numbers when they are arranged from lowest to highest. if the set contains an even number of numbers, it is the average of the two numbers closest to the middle

Front 56

mixed number

Back 56

a number that is made up of a whole number and a fraction

Front 57

mode

Back 57

the value or values that appear most frequently in a list of numbers

Front 58

multiple of a number

Back 58

the product of that number and another number

Front 59

natural number

Back 59

any positive integer; a counting number

Front 60

negative number

Back 60

any number that is less than zero

Front 61

number line

Back 61

a line labeled with positive and negative numbers in increasing order from left to right that extends infinitely in both directions

Front 62

numerator

Back 62

the top number in a fraction

Front 63

octagon

Back 63

an eight-sided polygon

Front 64

odd number

Back 64

a whole number that is not divisible by 2

Front 65

ones places

Back 65

the position of the first digit to the left of the decimal point; units place

Front 66

order of operations

Back 66

the order in which to simplify a problem with multiple operations; PEMDAS

Front 67

ordered pair

Back 67

coordinates

Front 68

origin

Back 68

the point (0,0) on the coordinate plane where the x-axis and the y-axis meet

Front 69

parallel lines

Back 69

lines that are always the same distance apart

Front 70

parallelogram

Back 70

a four-sided polygon with two sets of parallel lines

Front 71

PEMDAS

Back 71

Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Saly; a way to remember the order of operations in problems: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction

Front 72

pentagon

Back 72

a five-sided polygon

Front 73

percent

Back 73

the ratio of a number to 100

Front 74

perimeter

Back 74

the distance around a geometric figure; the sum of lengths of the sides

Front 75

perpendicular lines

Back 75

lines that intersect to form four right angles

Front 76

pie chart

Back 76

a graph shaped like a circle that shows fractions, percents, or decimals as parts of the whole; a circle graph

Front 77

point

Back 77

a dot that represents an exact location

Front 78

polygon

Back 78

a closed geometric figure with three or more sides

Front 79

positive number

Back 79

any number greater than zero

Front 80

prime number

Back 80

an integer greater than 1 that is divisible only by 1 and itself

Front 81

prism

Back 81

a three-dimension object with congruent, parallel ends and rectangular sides

Front 82

probability

Back 82

the number of ways the event can happen divided by the total number of possible outcomes

Front 83

product

Back 83

the result of a multiplication problem

Front 84

proportion

Back 84

a statement that says two ratios are equal

Front 85

pythagorean theorem

Back 85

the sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs of a right triangle is equal to the length of the hypotenuse squared; a^2+b^2=c^2

Front 86

quadrilateral

Back 86

a four-sided polygon

Front 87

quotient

Back 87

the integer result of a long division

Front 88

radius

Back 88

a line that starts at the center of a circle and ends on the edge of the circle; half of the diameter

Front 89

range

Back 89

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a group of numbers

Front 90

ratio

Back 90

a comparison of two numbers or quantities

Front 91

rational number

Back 91

a number that can be written in the form of a fraction whose numerator and denominator are both integers

Front 92

real number

Back 92

any rational or irrational number

Front 93

reciprocal

Back 93

a fraction flipped upside down

Front 94

rectangle

Back 94

a four-sided polygon with four right angles

Front 95

rectangular box

Back 95

a three-dimensional rectangle

Front 96

reduced fraction

Back 96

a fraction in which the numerator and the denominator have no common factors

Front 97

reflection

Back 97

the process of moving a point or figure by reflection it over an axis, as if the axis were a mirror

Front 98

regular polygon

Back 98

a polygon in which all sides are equal and all angles are equal

Front 99

repeating decimal

Back 99

a decimal number that ends in an infinitely repeating series of digits.

Front 100

rhombus

Back 100

a four-sided polygon with four equal sides

Front 101

right angle

Back 101

an angle that has a measure of 90 degrees

Front 102

right triangle

Back 102

a triangle that has a 90 degree angle as one of its angles

Front 103

sample space

Back 103

the set of all possible outcomes in a probability problem

Front 104

scatter plot

Back 104

a graph made by plotting data points

Front 105

sphere

Back 105

a three-dimensional object in which all surface points are the same distance from the center

Front 106

square

Back 106

a four-sided polygon with four equal sides and four right angles

Front 107

square root

Back 107

the nonnegative number which, when multiplied by itself, gives you the original number

Front 108

tangent

Back 108

touching

Front 109

tens place

Back 109

the position of the second digit to the left of the decimal point

Front 110

tenths place

Back 110

the position of the first digit to the right of the decimal point

Front 111

thousands place

Back 111

the position of the fourth digit to the left of the decimal point

Front 112

thousandths place

Back 112

the position of the third digit to the right of the decimal point

Front 113

transformation

Back 113

any combination of translations and reflections

Front 114

translation

Back 114

a process of moving a point or figure a specified distance in a certain direction

Front 115

transversal

Back 115

a line that cuts across parallel lines

Front 116

trapezoid

Back 116

a four-sided polygon with exactly one pair of parallel sides

Front 117

triangle inequality rule

Back 117

the sum of the length of any two sides of a triange is always greater than the third side

Front 118

units place

Back 118

the position of the first digit to the left of the decimal point

Front 119

variable

Back 119

a letter than represents a number

Front 120

vertex

Back 120

the point at which lines intersect

Front 121

vertical angles

Back 121

the angles opposite each other that are formed when two lines intersect

Front 122

volume

Back 122

the amount of space that a three-dimensional figure occupies

Front 123

whole number

Back 123

a natural (or counting) number or 0

Front 124

x-axis

Back 124

the horizontal axis on the coordinate plane

Front 125

x-coordinate

Back 125

the first number in an ordered pair

Front 126

y-axis

Back 126

the vertical axis on the coordinate plane

Front 127

y-coordinate

Back 127

the second number in an ordered pair