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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are tendons? |
muscle to bone |
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What are ligaments? |
bone to bone |
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What are aponeurosis? |
layers of tendon |
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What are muscle bellies? |
The part of the muscle fibers between the tendons |
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What is a pennate muscle? |
A pennate or pinnatemuscle (alsocalled apenniformmuscle)is a muscle with fascicles thatattach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon. These types of muscles generally allow higher force production but smallerrange of motion. |
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Give an example of a unipennate, bipennate and multipenate muscle? |
1) hand muscles 2) rectus femoris of the quads 3) deltoid muscles in shoulders |
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Why are tendons so important? |
Essential component of the musculoskeletal system- transfer of force from muscle to bone to generate movement |
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What is the structure of tendons |
Tendons consist of dense regularconnective tissue fascicles encased in dense irregular connective tissuesheaths. Normal tendons are composed mostly of parallel arrays of collagenfibres closely packed together. The collagen fibers indense regular connective tissue are bundled in a parallel fashion.Dense irregular connective tissue has fibers that are not arranged in parallelbundles. |
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what is the physiological cross-sectional area |
Physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) is the area of the cross section of amuscle perpendicular to its fibers, generally at its largest point. |
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What is an intermediate tendon in muscle? |
Tendon in-between two muscles, the muscle is the same nameand lies in the same area. Thedigastricus (digastric muscle) consists of two muscular bellies united by anintermediate rounded tendon. |
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How does the orientation of fibres differ in tendons and ligaments? |
Tendon: parallel bundles of collagen fibres in a dense regular connective tissue Ligament: Nearly parallel bundles of collagen fibres |
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What is the structure of collagen? |
Thecollagen protein is composed of a triple helix, which generally consists of twoidentical chains (α1) and an additional chain that differs slightly in itschemical composition (α2). The amino acid composition of collagenis atypical for proteins, particularly with respect to its high hydroxyprolinecontent. The most common motifs in the amino acid sequence of collagen areglycine-proline-X and glycine-X-hydroxyproline,where X is any amino acid other than glycine, proline or hydroxyproline. Theaverage amino acid composition for fish and mammal skin is given. |
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What are the ligaments in the shoulder joint? |
Coacoclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament |
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what is the purpose of the Coacoclavicular ligament? |
TheCoracoclavicularLigament serves to connect the clavicle with the coracoid process of thescapula. |
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what is the purpose of the coracoacromialligament? |
The coracoacromialligament together with the coracoid process and the acromion, forms a vault forthe protection of the head of the humerus. |
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What are the ligaments at the hip joint? |
The iliofemoral ligament is a ligament of the hip jointwhich extends from the ilium to the femur in front of the joint. The iliofemoralligament is not only stronger than the two other ligaments of the hip joint,the ischiofemoral andthe pubofemoral, butalso the strongest ligament in the human body and as such is an importantconstraint to the hip joint.The pubofemoralligament (pubocapsularligament) is a ligament on the inferior side of the hip joint. |
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What ligaments joins the thigh to the leg? |
Theknee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: onebetween the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella |
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What ligament joins at the ankle joint? |
•tibial(medialcollateral) ligament–medial,strong The ankle joint is bound by the strongdeltoid ligament and three lateral ligaments: the anterior talofibularligament, the posterior talofibularligament, and the calcaneofibularligament. The deltoid ligament supports the medial side of the joint, and is attached atthe medial malleolus of the tibia and connect in four places to the talarshelf of the calcaneus, calcaneonavicularligament, the navicular tuberosity, and to the medial surface of the talus.The anterior and posterior talofibularligaments support the lateral side of the joint from the lateral malleolus ofthe fibula to the dorsal and ventral ends of the talus.The calcaneofibularligament is attached at the lateral malleolus and to the lateral surface of thecalcaneus |
