Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does the CRTC stand for? |
Canadian Radio-television and telecommunications Commission |
|
|
What does CALM stand for and where is it located?
|
Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation in the U.S.
|
|
|
What is Long-Form content? |
Show or program related material or essence. The typical duration is greater than approximately two to three minutes. |
|
|
What is short form content? |
Advertising, commercial, promotional or public service re- lated material or essence. Also termed “interstitial” content. The typical duration is less than approximately two to three minutes. |
|
|
What is an Anchor element? |
The perceptual loudness reference point or element around which other elements are balanced in producing the final mix of the content, or that a reasonable viewer would focus on when setting the volume control. |
|
|
What does ITU stand for? |
International Telecommunication Union |
|
|
What does DRC stand for? |
dynamic range control |
|
|
What is Dialnorm? |
An AC-3 metadata parameter, numerically equal to the absolute val- ue of the Dialog Level, carried in the AC-3 bit stream. |
|
|
What dB does the comfort zone consist of? |
-5.4 to 2.4 |
|
|
When measuring audio signals, there are two key parameters of interest, what are they? |
1) the true peak level of the signal |
|
|
What is the true peak measurement best used to accomplish? |
protect the program from clipping |
|
|
What is the loudness measurement best used to accomplish? |
protect the listener from annoying variations in loudness |
|
|
How is loudness measured? |
Integrating the weighted power of the audio signals in all channels over the duration of the content. |
|
|
Measured loudness is reported as what? |
LKFS |
|
|
How many LKFS is equal to 1 dB? |
1 |
|
|
What do you label as the Dialog level if the Anchor Element cannot be identified and measured on its own? |
Attempt to isolate the anchor element and if this is not possible, the long term loudness of all elements of the soundtrack, over the entire duration, should be measured and reported as the Dialog Level. |
|
|
What does the AC-3 audio system use to control loudness and other audio parameters more effectively without permanently altering the dynamic range of the content. |
metadata or “data about the data” |
|
|
What is the governing metadata parameter that regulates the loudness level? |
Dialnorm |
|
|
What parameter should be accurate enough so that listeners can set their volume controls to their preferred listening level and not have to change it when a commercial comes on? |
Dialnorm parameter |
|
|
The scale used in the dialnorm setting ranges in 1 dB steps from –1 to –31 dB. -1 references how much of a level shift, while -31 references how much of a level shift? |
-1 represents a maximum level shift, while -31 represents no level shift |
|
|
If your dialog turns out to be -19LKFS, what must you do before sending it out? |
Enter -19 LKFS into the encoder, so that once it reaches its destination, the operator knows to attenuate the signal down 5db to -24 LKFS |
|
|
An AC-3 encoder allows the setting of up to 28 metadata parameters concerning the characteristics of the accompanying audio in the bit stream. The parameters can be classified in three groups: |
Critical Control Metadata Informational Metadata Basic Control Metadata |
|
|
What is the target loudness for content delivery? |
-24 LKFS |
|
|
What does SVI stand for and what is it? |
Standard Volume Indicator and it is a meter |
|
|
What does VU stand for and what is it? |
Volume Unit and it is a meter |
|
|
What does PPM stand for and what is it? |
Peak Program Meters |
|
|
What is LEQ? |
the time average sound level or 'equivalent continuous sound level' |
|
|
How do LEQ meters work? |
averaging the incoming signal level over a set period of time |
|
|
What are the three options to control the length of time the signal is averaged over? |
Infinite Response, Fast Response and Slow Response |
|
|
What is a K-System? |
a metering standard designed by renowned mastering engineer, Bob Katz, in an attempt to standardize levelling practices in the audio industry |
|
|
What is K-System metering based on? |
the premise that the ear likes average sound pressure levels to end up around 83 dB SPL on forte passages |
|
|
To make proper use of K-System metering, what should you adjust your monitor gain to? |
0dB SPL |
|
|
What is K-20 metering designed for? |
Wide dynamic range, such as movie soundtracks |
|
|
What is K-14 metering designed for? |
Home Theatres and Pop music |
|
|
What is K-12 metering designed for? |
Broadcasting |
