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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neurons
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Nerve cells composed of dendrites and axons.
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Synapse
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The point at which a signal from one neuron is passed to another neuron.
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Neuroglia |
Cells that support the neurons and help communicate with one another. |
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Dendrites |
Conduct electrical signals TOWARDS the cell body.
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Axons |
Conduct electrical signals AWAY from the cell body.
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Nerves |
Bundles of axons that carry signals to and from the brain.
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Central nervous system |
(CNS) Composed of the brain and the spinal cord. This is the part of the nervous system that does most of the information processing.
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Peripheral nervous system |
(PNS) Contains all the neurons involved in receiving information and sending it on to the spinal cord and brain.
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Cerebrum |
Deals with the "higher-level" brain functions. These would include interpreting signals, learning, reasoning, and memory. |
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Gray matter |
Composed almost exclusively of the cell bodies of neurons.
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Corpus callosum |
Allows the two hemispheres of the brain to exchange information.
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Cerebellum |
Has many functions mostly oriented around muscle movements.
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Brain stem |
It controls the more basic functions of the human body, such as breathing, heart rate, and the pressure at which blood is pumped through the body.
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Autonomic nervous system
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The system of nerves which carries instructions from the CNS to the body's smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.
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Sensory nervous system
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The system of nerves which carries information from the body's receptors to the CNS.
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Somatic motor nervous system
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The system of nerves which carries instructions from the CNS to the skeletal muscles.
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Sympathetic division
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Part of the autonomic nervous system that increases the rate and strength of the heartbeat and raises the blood pressure.
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Parasympathetic division
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Part of the autonomic nervous system that slows the heart rate and lowers the blood pressure.
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Papillae
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Tiny "bumps" you see on your tongue.
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Taste buds
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Identify sweet, sour, bitter, salty and umami.
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Cornea |
Where light first passes through in the eye; covered with a thin layer of clear tissue that is kept moist and clean.
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Lens
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What the eye uses to focus the image.
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Retina |
The part of the eye on which an image is focused
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Ciliary muscle
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A smooth muscle that changes the shape of the lens in order to adjust the focus. |
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Ear drum
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A thin sheet of tissue that vibrates as the result of vibrations in the ear.
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Ossicles
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Tiny bones in the middle ear that move back and forth as a result of the ear drum vibrating.
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Cochlea
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Snail-like shape that responds to the vibration of the ossicles by transforming it into electrical signal and sending it on to the brain to be interpreted as sound.
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Olfactory epithelium
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Roof of the nasal cavity
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Rods and cones
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Cells on the retina that are sensitive to light
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Ciliary muscle
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Attached to the lens of the eye
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Optic nerve
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The nerve leading from the eye to the brain
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Olfactory sensory cells |
Cells with "hair" in the nose that interact with chemicals that dissolve in the mucus
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