Apologia Chemistry Module 3

Front 1

continuous theory of matter

Back 1

thought that substances were composed of long, unbroken blobs of matter

Front 2

discontinuous theory of matter

Back 2

argument that, instead of being continuous, substances were composed of tiny, individual particles of matter

Front 3

Democritus

Back 3

Greek philosopher who discovered the discontinuous theory of matter

Front 4

The Law of Mass Conservation

Back 4

matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form

Front 5

decomposition

Back 5

change where the matter that was in the powder is divided into smaller bundles that each become a new substance

Front 6

element

Back 6

any substance that cannot be decomposed into less massive substances

Front 7

metals

Back 7

malleable, are shiny, and are able to conduct electricity

Front 8

nonmetals

Back 8

typically brittle, lack shininess, and do not conduct electricity

Front 9

compounds

Back 9

substances that can be decomposed into elements by chemical means

Front 10

the Law of Definite Proportions

Back 10

the proportion of elements in any compound is always the same

Front 11

the Law of Multiple Proportions

Back 11

if two elements combine to form different compounds, the ratio of masses of the second element that react with a fixed mass of the first element mill be a simple, whole-number ratio

Front 12

Dalton's theory's four vital assumptions

Back 12

1. all elements are composed of small, indivisible particles called "atoms"
2. all atoms of the same element have exactly the same properties
3. atoms of different elements have different properties
4. compounds are formed when atoms are joined together; since atoms are indivisible, they can only join together in simple, whole-number ratios

Front 13

molecules

Back 13

a compound formed by atoms joining together

Front 14

chemical symbol

Back 14

an abbreviation for an atom, like "H" is hydrogen's chemical symbol

Front 15

chemical formula

Back 15

tells you how many of each atom make up the molecule, like H2O is the water molecule's chemical formula

Front 16

ionic

Back 16

classification for a compound that conducts electricity when dissolved in water

Front 17

covalent

Back 17

classification for a compound that does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Front 18

distilled

Back 18

to purify, typically a liquid, by distillation

Front 19

Rules to help classify compounds

Back 19

1. If a compound contains at least one metal atom and at least one nonmetal atom, the compound is iconic.
2. If a compound is made up of solely nonmetal atoms, the compound is covalent