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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What branch of science studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring?
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Genetics
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What general guidelines of traits does a person’s DNA determine?
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Genetic factors
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What “non-biological” factors are involved in a person’s surroundings such as the nature of the person’s parents, the person’s friends, and the person’s behavioral choices?
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Environmental factors
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What factors in a person’s life does the quality of his or her relationship with God determine?
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Spiritual factors
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What section of DNA codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait?
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Genes
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Which RNA performs transcriptions?
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Messenger RNA
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Which RNA contains a special sequence of three nucleotides per group (anticodon)?
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Transfer RNA
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What is a three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA?
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Anticodon
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What is a sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid?
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Codon
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What DNA in the nucleus of the cell coils around and receives support by proteins?
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Chromosome
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What process is for asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells?
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Mitosis
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What time interval occurs between cellular reproduction?
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Interphase
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What kind of cell is ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles?
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Mother cell
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What region joins two sister chromatids?
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Centromere
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What figure is produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs?
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Karotype
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What cell has chromosomes that come in homologous pairs?
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Diploid cell
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What cell has only one representative of each chromosome?
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Haploid cell
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What number represents the total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell?
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Diploid number (2n)
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What number represents the number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell?
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Haploid number (n)
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What process forms gametes (n) from a diploid cell (2n)?
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Meiosis
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What haploid cells (n) are produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction?
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Gametes
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What non-cellular infectious agent has genetic material (RNA and DNA) inside a protective protein coat and cannot reproduce on its own?
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Virus
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What specialized proteins aid in destroying infectious agents?
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Antibodies
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What weakened or inactive version of a pathogen stimulates the body’s production of antibodies that can aid in destroying the pathogen?
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Vaccine
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Doctors once claimed highly educated women who were emotionally cold and rejected their children had a higher rate of autism. What kind of factor are they considering?
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Environmental factors
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Some scientists believe autism runs in families and are searching for chromosomes that cause autism. What kind of factor are they considering?
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Genetic factors
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Some people believe children with autism are possessed by demons. What kind of factor are they considering?
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Spiritual factors
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What step of protein synthesis involves writing a negative image to copy the nucleotide sequence of DNA?
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Transcription
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What step of protein synthesis involves converting the language of nucleotide base sequences into the language of amino acid sequences?
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Translation
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What kind of RNA is produced first during protein synthesis?
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Messenger RNA
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What kind of RNA is produced last during protein synthesis?
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Transfer RNA
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What are found on tRNA, codons or anticodons?
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Anticodons
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What are found on mRNA, codons or anticodons?
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Codons
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What kind of RNA is produced during transcription?
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Messenger RNA
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What kind of RNA is produced during translation?
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Transfer RNA
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To what nucleotide is uracil attracted?
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Adenine
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What nucleotide does uracil imitate in its actions? Thymine
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Thymine
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A DNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides:
guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine. What sequence do you expect to see on the mRNA? |
Cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, adenine.
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A DNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides: guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine. How many codons will the mRNA have?
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3 codons because there are three nucleotide bases per codon
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A DNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides:
guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine. For how many amino acids will the mRNA code? |
3 amino acids because there are three nucleotide bases per amino acid
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An mRNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides:
cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, adenine. What three tRNA anticodons do you expect? |
Guanine, cytosine, uracil
Adenine, uracil, cytosine Adenine, guanine, uracil |
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Three tRNA strands have the following sequence of nucleotides:
Guanine, cytosine, uracil Adenine, uracil, cytosine Adenine, guanine, uracil. To what mRNA anticodons was it attracted? |
Cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, adenine
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An mRNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides:
cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, adenine. From what DNA sequence did it transcribe? |
Guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine
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Which step of protein synthesis makes RNA based upon the order and number of nucleotide bases in DNA?
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Transcription
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Which step of protein synthesis makes protein based upon the order and number of nucleotide bases in RNA?
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Translation
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An RNA strand has an anticodon. Is it tRNA or mRNA?
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tRNA
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Which step of protein synthesis occurs in a ribosome. Is this transcription or translation?
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Translation
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Which step of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus. Is this transcription or translation?
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Transcription
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You look at a cell under a microscope and see distinct chromosomes. What phase of mitosis could not be occurring?
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Interphase
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You look at a cell under a microscope and see chromosomes attached to microtubules, but not lined up on the equatorial plane. What phase of mitosis is occurring?
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Prophase
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You look at a cell under a microscope and see chromosomes attached to microtubules, but lined up on the equatorial plane. What phase of mitosis is occurring?
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Metaphase
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You look at a cell under a microscope and see chromosomes begin to split. What phase of mitosis is occurring?
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Anaphase
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You look at a cell under a microscope and see nuclear material begins to surround newly formed chromosomes. What phase of mitosis is occurring? Telophase
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Telophase
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Name the four phases of mitosis.
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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Which of the five phases (anaphase, interphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase) are not part of animal mitosis?
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Interphase
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The diploid number of a cell is 16. What is its haploid number?
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8
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The haploid number of a cell is 9. What is its diploid number?
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18
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The diploid number of a cell is 2n. What is its haploid number?
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n
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The haploid number of a cell is n. What is its diploid number?
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2n
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The diploid number of a cell is n. What is its haploid number?
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n/2
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The haploid number of a cell is n/2. What is its diploid number?
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n
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Which is made of a diploid cell, a regular animal cell or a gamete?
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Regular animal cell
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Which is made of a haploid cell, a regular animal cell or a gamete?
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Gamete
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Which has more chromosomes, a regular animal cell or a gamete?
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Regular animal cell
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A diploid cell with duplicated chromosomes turns into two diploid cells with no duplicated chromosomes. What just happened to the cell, mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II?
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Mitosis
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A diploid cell with duplicated chromosomes turns into two haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes. What just happened to the cell, mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II? Meiosis I
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Meiosis I
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A haploid cell with duplicated chromosomes turns into two haploid cells with no duplicated chromosomes. What just happened to the cell, mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II?
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Meiosis II
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Which looks the most like mitosis, meiosis I or meiosis II? Why?
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Meiosis II because of the spindle formed from two haploid cells
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A single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis I. How many cells result at the end of meiosis I?
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Two cells
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A single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis I. How many chromosomes are in each resulting cell at the end of meiosis I?
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Seven chromosomes
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A single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis I. Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not at the end of meiosis I?
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Duplicated
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A pair of cells with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis II. How many cells result at the end of meiosis II?
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Four cells
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A pair of cells with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis II. How many chromosomes are in each resulting cell at the end of meiosis II?
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Seven chromosomes
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A single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis II. Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not at the end of meiosis II?
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Not duplicated
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What do scientists call a gamete produced in male animals?
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Sperm
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What do scientists call a gamete produced in female animals?
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Egg
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How many useful gametes does meiosis of male animals produce?
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Four sperm
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How many useful gametes does meiosis of female animals produce?
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One egg
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Which kind of meiosis have three polar bodies leftover, male or female?
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Female
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Which is bigger a polar body or an egg?
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An egg
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Which kind of gamete can a sperm fertilize, a polar body or an egg?
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An egg
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Which kind of gamete cannot form new life, a polar body or an egg? A polar body
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A polar body
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Which kind of gamete can move about on its own, sperm or egg?
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Sperm
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Which kind of gamete is immobile, sperm or egg?
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Egg
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What kind of genetic material does a virus inject into a bacteria?
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DNA and RNA
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What does a virus inject into a bacteria via the lytic pathway?
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Genetic material
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What does virus DNA instruct the bacterium’s biosynthetic machinery to make and assemble via the lytic pathway?
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Viral proteins and genetic material
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What do the the viral proteins and genetic material form via the lytic pathway?
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More viruses
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What happens to the cell when too many viruses form via the lytic pathway?
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The cell ruptures
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When the cell ruptures because of viruses using the lytic pathway, what does it release?
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More viruses into the body
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Which of the four criteria of life does a virus lack?
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Reproduction
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Is a virus alive?
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No
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Do vaccines cure or prevent disease?
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Prevent
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What does the body produce after a vaccine?
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Antibodies
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Can a vaccine help a person who has already contracted a disease?
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No, the virus will either kill the person or the body will produce antibodies to defeat the virus
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