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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True breeding
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If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic. (228)
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Allele
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One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes (233)
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Genotype
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Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait (234)
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Phenotype
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The observable expression of an organism's genes (234)
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Homozygous genotype
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A genotype in which both alleles are identical (234)
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Heterzygous genotype
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A genotype with two different alleles (234)
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Dominant allele
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An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype (234)
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Recessive allele
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An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele (234)
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Mendel’s Principles of Genetics (using updated terminology) - 235
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(1) The trait of an organism are determined by its genes
(2) Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given trait (3) In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes ONLY ONE of its alleles to its offspring (4) In each genotype, there is a dominant allele. If it exists in an organism, the phenotype is determined by that allele |
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Pedigree
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A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations (238)
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Monohybrid cross
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A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait (242)
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Dihybrid cross
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A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits (242)
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Autosomes
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Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual (247)
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Sex chromosomes
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Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual (247)
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Antigen
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A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the productions of an antibody (251)
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Autosomal inheritance
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Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome (253)
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Genetic disease carrier
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A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder (253)
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Sex-linked inheritance
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Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes (254)
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Mutation
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A radical chemical change in one or more alleles (254)
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Change in chromosome structure
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A situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis (254)
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Change in chromosome number)
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A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete (255)
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