Apologia Biology Module 3

Front 1

Pseudopod

Back 1

A temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

The region of a eukaryotic cell that contins the cell's main DNA

Front 3

Vacuole

Back 3

A membrane-bounded "sac" within a cell

Front 4

Ectoplasm

Back 4

The thin, watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells

Front 5

Endoplasm

Back 5

The dense cytoplasm found in the interior of many cells

Front 6

Flagellate

Back 6

A protozoan that propels itself with a flagellum

Front 7

Pellicle

Back 7

A firm, flexible coating outside the plasma membrane

Front 8

Chloroplast

Back 8

An organelle containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Front 9

Chlorophyll

Back 9

A pigment necessary for photosynthesis

Front 10

Eyespot

Back 10

A light sensitive region in certain protozoa

Front 11

Symbiosis

Back 11

A close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits.

Front 12

Mutualism

Back 12

A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association.

Front 13

Commensalism

Back 13

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.

Front 14

Parasitism

Back 14

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed.

Front 15

Cilia

Back 15

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion

Front 16

Spore

Back 16

A reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating.

Front 17

Plankton

Back 17

Tiny organisms that float in the water.

Front 18

Zooplankton

Back 18

Tiny floating organisms that are either small animals or protozoa

Front 19

Phytoplankton

Back 19

Tiny floating photosynthetic organisms, primarily algae

Front 20

Thallus

Back 20

The body of a plant-like organism that is not divided into leaves, roots, or stems.

Front 21

Cellulose

Back 21

A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms

Front 22

Holdfast

Back 22

A special structure used by an organism to anchor itself

Front 23

Sessile Colony

Back 23

A colony that uses holdfasts to anchor itself to an object.

Front 24

Make sure you can name the subkingdom and phylum of each organism in figure 3.1

Back 24

no answer

Front 25

Which of the following genera conain organisms wih chloroplasts.
Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium, Spirogyra

Back 25

Euglena and Spirogyra. Each of these organisms use chlorophyll for photosynthesis and thus have choroplasts. The other two genera contain exclusively heterotrophic organisms, which obviously do not use photosynthesis.

Front 26

What is the function of a contractile vacuole? What is the difference between this and a food vacuole?

Back 26

A contractile vacuole collects excess water in a cell and releases it into the surroundsings to reduce the pressure inside the cell. This keeps the cell from exploding. The food vacuole, on the other hand, stores food while it is being digested and has nothing to do with excess water or pressure.

Front 27

What is the difference between endoplasm and ectoplasm?

Back 27

Endoplasm is thick, while extoplasm is thin and watery. Endoplasm is found in the central region of the cell, while ectoplasm is found near the plasma membrane.

Front 28

The amoeba and euglena each have different means of locomotion. How are they different? How are they similar?

Back 28

The amoeba uses pseudopods which it creates by deforming its body. The euglena, on the other hand uses a flagellum. There is one bit of similarity. When it wants to move quickly, the euglena deforms its body in an almost earthworm-type motion. This is used to enhance the motion supplied by the flagellum, and is something like the amoeba's motion.

Front 29

Name at least three pathogenic organisms from kingdom Protista.

Back 29

Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma, Balantidium coli, Plasmodium and Toxoplasma

Front 30

For each of the phyla below, list the means of locomotion employed by the organisms in that phyla:
Sarcodina, Mastigophora, Ciliophora

Back 30

Sarcodina: pseudopods
Mastigophora: flagella
Ciliophora: cilia

Front 31

What are the main features that separate organisms into phylum Sporozoa

Back 31

These organisms form spores as a natural part of their life cycle and have no real means of locomotion.

Front 32

A tapeworm is a parasite that feeds on the nutrients which the host eats, depriving the host of that nutrition. Trichonympha is a mastigrophorite that lives in the gut of a termite, helping bread down chemicals that the termite cannot bread down on its own. Name the specific kind of symbiosis in each of these situations.

Back 32

Trichonympha is an example of mutualism, because both the Trichonympha and the termite benefit from the situation. The tapeworm is an example of parasitism since only the tapeworm benefits. The host is hurt by the situation.

Front 33

Why do ciliates have two nuclei (plural of nucleus)? What is the purpose of each?

Back 33

Ciliates require so much energy that they must have a nucleus (called the macronucleus) devoted solely to metabolism. The other, smaller nucleus (the micronucleus) controls reproduction.

Front 34

What is the difference between the conjugation that occurs between paramecia and the conjugation that occurs between bacteria?

Back 34

In conjugation between paramecia, there is a mutual exchange of DNA so that each paramecium gets new DNA. We learned in Module #2 that when bacteria conjugate, only one bacterium (the recipient) gets new DNA.

Front 35

Two microorganism groups are studied. In the first group, the organisms form hard shells around themselves when exposed to life-threatening conditions. If not exposed to those conditions, however, these organisms never form hard shells. The second group form hard shells around themselves as a natural part of their life cycle. Which group would be classified as coming from phylum Sporozoa?

Back 35

Spores are formed as a natural part of an organism's lifestyle. Cysts, however, are only formed in the case of life-threatening conditions. If those conditions do not exist, cysts will not be formed. This, the first group produced cysts.
Answer: The second group produced spores, making them a part of phylum Sporozoa.

Front 36

What is unique about the way a euglena obtains food?

Back 36

A euglena can either live on the dead remains of other organisms or it can produce its own food by photosynthesis. This combination of autotrophic and heterotrophic behavior is rather unique in God's creation.

Front 37

Look at question #15 page 96

Back 37

Phylum Chrysophyta contains the diatoms, which are responsible for the most of the world's photosynthesis.

Front 38

Look at question #17

Back 38

These deposits are called diatomaceous earth and are used as abrasives and filters.

Front 39

Amoeba

Back 39

Subkingdom: Protozoa

Phylum: Sarcodina

Front 40

Euglena

Back 40

Subkingdom: Protozoa

Phylum: Mastigophora

Front 41

Plasmodium

Back 41

Subkingdom: Protozoa

Phylum: Sporozoa

Front 42

Paramecium

Back 42

Subkingdom: Protozoa

Phylum: Ciliophora

Front 43

Cosmarium

Back 43

Subkingdom: Algae

Phylum: Chlorophyta

Front 44

Diatoms

Back 44

Subkingdom: Algae

Phylum: Chrysophyta

Front 45

Peridinium

Back 45

Subkingdom: Algae

Phylum: Pyrrophyta

Front 46

Macrocystis

Back 46

Subkingdom: Algae

Phylum: Phaeophyta

Front 47

Corallina

Back 47

Subkingdom: Algae

Phylum: Rhodophyta