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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
absorption
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The transport of dissolved substances into cells.
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digestion
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The breakdown of absorbed substances.
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respiration
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The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.
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excretion
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The removal of soluble waste materials.
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egestion
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The removal of nonsoluble waste materials.
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secretion
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The release of biosynthesized substances.
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homeostasis
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Maintaining the status quo.
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reproduction
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producing more cells
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cytology
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the study of cells
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cell wall
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a rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
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middle lamella
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the thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells
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plasma membrane
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the semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings
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cytoplasm
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a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
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ions
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substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons
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cytoplasmic streaming
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the motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents
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mitochondria
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the organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
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lysomome
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the organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids
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ribosomes
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non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis
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endoplasmic reticulum
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(ER) an organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell
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Rough ER
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ER that is dotted with ribosomes
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Smooth ER
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ER that has no ribosomes
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leucoplasts
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organelles that store starches or oils
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chromoplasts
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organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis
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central vacuole
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a large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes
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waste vacuole
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vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion
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phagocytosis
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the process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells
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phagocytic vacuole
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a vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs
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pinocytic vesicle
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vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules
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secretion vesicle
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vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released
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golgi bodies
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the organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell
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microtubules
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spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure
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nuclear membrane
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a highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
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chromatin
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clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
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cytoskeleton
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a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
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microfilaments
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fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton
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intermediate filaments
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threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
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phospholipid
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a lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group
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passive transport
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movement of a molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion
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active transport
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movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy
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isotonic solution
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a solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution
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hypertonic solution
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a solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of hte cell that resides in the solution
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plasmolysis
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collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water
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cytolysis
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the rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure
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hypotonic solution
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a solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution
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activation energy
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energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going
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