Apologia Biology 2Nd Ed Module 1

Front 1

Define binomial nomenclature.

Back 1

Binomial nomenclature names an organism with its genus and species name.

Front 2

Define taxonomy.

Back 2

Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms.

Front 3

Define species.

Back 3

A species is a unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce fertile offspring and are reproductively isolated from other such units.

Front 4

Define Eukaryotic Cell.

Back 4

A Eukaryotic Cell is a cell with distinct membrane-bounded organelles.

Front 5

Define Prokaryotic cell.

Back 5

A Prokaryotic cellis a cell that has no distinct membrane-bounded organelles.

Front 6

Abiogenesis

Back 6

Abiogenesis is the idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions.

Front 7

Microorganisms

Back 7

Microorganisms are living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye.

Front 8

Scientific Law

Back 8

A scientific law is a theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data.

Front 9

Theory

Back 9

A theory is a hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data.

Front 10

Hypothesis

Back 10

A hypothesis is an educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a question.

Front 11

Mutation

Back 11

A mutation is an abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents.

Front 12

Give the mnemonic for the classification system.

Back 12

King Philip Cried Out, "For Goodness Sake."

Front 13

Give the hierarchy for Biological Classication

Back 13

Kingdom --> Phylum --> Class --> Order --> Family --> Genus --> Species

Front 14

Inheritance

Back 14

Inheritance is the process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring.

Front 15

Sexual Reproduction

Back 15

Sexual reproduction requires two organisms.

Front 16

Asexual reproduction

Back 16

Asexual reproduction can be accomplished by a single organism.

Front 17

Receptors

Back 17

Receptor are special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment.

Front 18

Heterotrophs

Back 18

Heterotrophs are organisms that depend on other organisms for their food. Heterotroph which literally means “other-feeder.”

Front 19

Autotrophs

Back 19

Autotrophs are organisms that are able to make their own food. From the Greek roots which literally mean “self-feeder.”

Front 20

Decomposers

Back 20

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead remains of other organisms.

Front 21

Producers

Back 21

Producers are organisms that produce their own food.

Front 22

Omnivores

Back 22

Omnivores are organisms that eat both plants and other organisms.

Front 23

Carnivores

Back 23

Carnivores are organisms that eat only organisms other than plants.

Front 24

Herbivores

Back 24

Herbivores are organisms that eat only plants.

Front 25

Photosynthesis

Back 25

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food.

Front 26

Catabolism

Back 26

Catabolism is the sum total of all processes in an organism which breaks down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.

Front 27

Define anabolism.

Back 27

Anabolism is the sum total of all processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life.

Front 28

Metabolism

Back 28

Metabolism is the sum total of all processes in an organism which convert energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism's life functions.

Front 29

1st Critera for a Living Organism

Back 29

All life forms contain DeoxyriboNucleic Acid or DNA.

Front 30

2nd Criteria for Living Organism

Back 30

All life forms have a method by which they extract energy from the surroundings and convert it into energy that sustains them.

Front 31

3rd Criteria for a Living Organism

Back 31

All life forms can sense changes in their surroundings and respond those changes.

Front 32

4th Criteria for a Living Organism

Back 32

All life forms reproduce.

Front 33

Define Biology.

Back 33

Biology is the study of life.

Front 34

Metabolism can be split into two categories. What are they?

Back 34

Metabolism can be split into two categories: anabolism and catabolism.

Front 35

Classify the following organism as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore: tiger

Back 35

Carnivores - Tigers eat only meat; thus, they are carnivores.

Front 36

Classify the following organism as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore: cow

Back 36

Herbivores - Cows eat grass. This makes them herbivores.

Front 37

Classify the following organism as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore: human

Back 37

Omnivores - Humans eat plants and meat. This makes us omnivores.

Front 38

Classify the following organism as herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore: sheep

Back 38

Herbivores - Sheep graze on grasses. This makes them herbivores.

Front 39

Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers: rose bushes

Back 39

Producers - Rose bushes have green stems and leaves to produce food via photosynthesis.

Front 40

Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers:
yeast (a fungus)

Back 40

Decomposers - Almost all fungi are decomposers.

Front 41

Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers:
lions

Back 41

Consumers - Lions depend on other organisms for food.

Front 42

Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers:
humans

Back 42

Consumers - Humans depend on other organisms for food.

Front 43

A biologist studies an organism and then two of its offspring. They are all identical in every possible way. Do these organisms reproduce sexually or asexually?

Back 43

This must be asexual reproduction as the organisms are identical.

(If they reproduced sexually, the offsprings' traits would be a blend of both parents' traits. Since these offspring are identical to the organism that produced them, this must be asexual reproduction.)

Front 44

When trying to convince you of something, people will often insert “Science has proven...” at the beginning of a statement. Can science actually prove something? Why or why not?

Back 44

Science cannot prove anything. The best science can say is that all known data support a given statement.

(Since all data come from experiments which might be flawed, there is no way that science can prove anything. If the experiments that produced the data which support a particular statement are flawed, the statement might be quite wrong.)

Front 45

A scientist makes a few observations and develops an explanation for the observations that she has made. At this point, is the explanation a hypothesis, theory, or scientific fact?

Back 45

It is a hypothesis. The explanation will have to be tested with a significant amount of data before it can even be considered a theory.

Front 46

Name the five separate kingdoms scientists use to classify organisms in nature.

Back 46

The names of these kingdoms are Monera (muh nihr' uh), Protista (pro tee' stuh), Fungi (fun' jye), Plantae, and Animalia.

Front 47

Suppose you chose two organisms at random out of a list of the members of kingdom Plantae, then you chose two organisms at random out of a list of the members of family Pinaceae. In which case would you expect the two organisms to be the most similar?

Back 47

The organisms in the same family should be more similar.

(In a hierarchical classification scheme like ours, the further you go down the classification groups, the more similar the organisms within the groups become. This is because each group is made by splitting the previous group into smaller groups. Thus, since kingdoms are split into several phyla, we expect the organisms within the phyla to be more similar than those in the entire kingdom. Since family is several steps down from kingdom, the organisms in the same family should be much more similar.)

Front 48

You compare several organisms from different orders within a given class. You then compare organisms from different classes. In which case would you expect the differences to be greatest?

Back 48

You would expect the organisms from different classes should have more differences.

(Since going down the hierarchical scheme tells us that the organisms are getting more similar, going up the hierarchical should enhance the differences. Since class is one step higher than order, the organisms from different classes should have more difference.)

Front 49

What are the characteristics of the kingdom called Protista?

Back 49

Protista are composed of only one eukaryotic cell or a simple association of eukaryotic cells. Amoebae, paramecia, and algae are members of kingdom Protista.

Front 50

What are the charateristics of organism found in the kingdom Fungi?

Back 50

The kingdom Fungi is mostly made up of decomposers. Members of kingdom Fungi have eukaryotic cells. In addition, most fungi are multicellular, but there are a few single-celled fungi. Mushrooms and bread molds are examples of the organisms in kingdom Fungi.

Front 51

What are the charateristics of organism found in the kingdom Plantae?

Back 51

The kingdom, Plantae, is mostly composed of autotrophs (organisms that produce their own food). The members of kingdom Plantae are multicelled organisms with eukaryotic cells. Trees, grass, flowering bushes, etc., are all members of kingdom Plantae.

Plantae are often called “plants.”

Front 52

What are the charateristics of organism found in the kingdom Animalia?

Back 52

The kingdom, Animalia, contains multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cells.Grasshoppers, birds, cats, fish, and snakes are all members of kingdom Animalia.

Members of kingdom Animalia are called “animals.”

Front 53

What are the charateristics of organism found in the kingdom Monera?

Back 53

Kingdom Monera contains all organisms that are composed of either one prokaryotic cell or a simple association of prokaryotic cells. Blue-green algae and bacteria are both members of kingdom Monera.

Front 54

An organism is made up of one eukaryotic cell. To what kingdom does it belong?

Back 54

Protista - This kingdom has the single-celled eukaryotes.

Front 55

An organism is multicellular and an autotroph. To what kingdom does it belong?

Back 55

Plantae - Almost all autotrophs belong in this kingdom.

Front 56

An organism is multicellular with eukaryotic cells. It is also a decomposer. To what kingdom does it belong?

Back 56

Fungi – Most decomposers are in this kingdom.

Front 57

Give the scientific name for humans.

Back 57

The scientific name for humans is Homo Sapiens.

(Homo is the genus to which humans belong, and sapiens is the species.)

Front 58

Name the parts of the three-domain clasification system.

Back 58

The three-domain system classifies all living things into one of three large domains: Archaea (ar kay' uh), Bacteria, and Eukarya (yoo' kair ee' uh).

Front 59

Define baraminology.

Back 59

Baraminology is the study of created kinds.

(This classification system, usually called baraminology (bear' uh min ol' uh jee), attempts to determine the kinds of creatures that God specifically created on earth. Indeed, the word “baraminology” comes from two Hebrew words used in Genesis: bara, which means “create,” and min, which means “kind.” )