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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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definition of respiration the entire _____ of exchanging _____ between the atmosphere and body _____.
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process, gases, cells
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definition of ventilation moving ___ into and ____of the ____.
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air, in/out, lungs
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cellular respiration- using ____ to metabolize ______ which produces ___.
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Oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide.
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mucous membranes have 3 functions. name them
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Warm, moisten, clean the air
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Inspiration is breathing ___. It is an active process. the ____ and intercostal muscles expand the volume of the ____. and air is drawn ___ the lungs. For a gas, as volume goes up, pressure goes ____.
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out, diaphragm, thorax, into, down.
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Expiration is a ____ process. it depends on ______ recoil, and surface _______. (which is like a water bubble, the water doesn't like being separated from the the water molecule, it wants to pop and be together.)
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passive. elastic recoil, surface tension.
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________ pleura is attached to _____wall. ________pleura is attached to _____ tissue.
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parietal, chest wall, visceral-lung tissue
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trachea is the tube that brings ___ into the ______. It divides into a Right and Left _______. which divide and divide until they turn into ________ which have air sacs at the end called ________.
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air, lungs. bronchi, bronchioles, aveolis.
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aveolus constructed of single layer of ________ cells. Aveoli cupped by net of capillaries which are also single layer of _____calls.
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squamous, squamous.
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Aveolus should collapse due to surface tension based on laws of physics, but they don't because of a cell in the aveoli that secretes _______ which allows the aveoli to remain open at atmospheric pressure.
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surfactant.
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Fick's law
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the greater the area the more gas that can pass thru. Thinner membrane=more gas. More surface area=more gas.
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How do we measure gas?
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Partial pressure, measure quantity or concentration.
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5 lung lobes ___on right and ___ on left.
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3 on rt, 2 on left.
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Nomal resting Tidal volume is about ____mL.
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500
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Spirometry is a measurement of the volume of ____ inspired and ______ over time.
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Gas, inspired/expired.
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FEV1 is the volume of gas that can be ________ expired in 1 second.
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Forcefully
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Anatomic dead space is air in the ______ that is not available for gas exchange.
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Tubes
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Alveolar dead space is an _________ that is full of air but has no ________ supply so the air is not available for exchange.
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Aveoli, no blood supply
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Physiologic dead space is ________ dead space + ________ dead space.
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anatomic+aveolar
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Minute ventilation is the amount of air that is moved ____ and ___ in one breath X the number of breaths per minute. Or Tidal volume X respiratory rate norm TV X RR = what?
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IN, OUT, TV=.5, RR=20 =10
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Aveolar ventilation is minute ventilation – ________ dead space.
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Physiologic
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Chemoreceptors two types, 1 Central in the _____ _______, sense the pressure of ____. If high, respiration increases. If low, respiration decreases. 2. Peripheral in the ______ and _____ Body, sense the pressure of ___.
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medulla oblongate, CO2. Carotid and Arotic body, O2.
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Gas transport: O2 and CO2. CO2 is transport in 3 ways. 1_____________. 2 attached to ____. 3 as _____ (this accounts for 70%. what is the chemical reaction.
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dissolved, hgb, HCO3- (bicarbonate)
CO2+H2O------H2CO3-----H+ + HCO3- |
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gas transport: 02 and CO2. O2 is carried by ____. In a healthy person aveoli are ____% saturated, in the tissues it drops off to about ___%. Hgb picks up O2 at ____concentrations and unloads it at ___ concentrations.
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Hgh, 100, 72, high, low.
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Inspiration takes work muscles of the ________ pushes down and muscles of the _____ push up.
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Diaphragm, ribs
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Breathing also called ________ is movement of ____ from _______________________ to the _____ and from the _______ to the __________________________________. It involves _________ (breathing in) and ___________ breathing out.
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Ventilation, air, outside the body to the aveoli, and from the aveoli to the outside of the body. Inspiration, and expiration.
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Goblet cells are like single celled ______-______ glands.
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Mucus-secreting
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