A&pii Nutrition

Front 1

Carbs have __kcals/gm. Carbs are _______ (mono and disaccharides) and _______ (starches and glycogen). _____ means big, not complicated.
What breaks starches into disaccardies? What enzymes in the small bowel break maltose into monosac? What enzyme breaks lactose into ______ and glucose?

Back 1

4/kcals/gm. Simple, complex
amylase. maltase. lactase. galactose.

Front 2

Lipids have ___kcal/gm. kcal=C
Recommendations: ____% or cal from fat, and no more than __% of what type of fat?
What breaks fats down? What carries them across cell membrane?
Which is solid at room temp and which is liquid? unsat. or saturated fats?

Back 2

9 C. 30% of cal from fat. No more than 10% from Sat. Fat.
Lipase. lacteals.
Saturated-solid, unsat-liquid.

Front 3

Trans Fat is not really found in nature. Plants and animals make ___fats. Trans fats have longer ___-___ and are ____ to work with re: machines. Daily recommended allowance of trans fats?

Back 3

Cis not trans.
self-life. easier. 0% daily allowance

Front 4

___Fat, ____fat, and dietary ________ raises __DL (____ density lipoproteins). The higher this level is the _____the risk for heart disease. Recommended levels for __DL is ____, but really 140-150 is good.

Back 4

Sat., trans fats, dietary cholesterol. LDL (bad). high LDL=high risk, 200.

Front 5

Cholesterol comes from 2 sources name them.
Is cholesterol always harmful?

Back 5

1-You eat it: from animal products only
2. You make it-in the liver.
Chol only harmful in excess. Some is needed to make hormones and steroids in the body.

Front 6

dietary cholosterol comes from only one source, name it. Fats however can come from many sources. Peanut Butter is high in ___ and ___ but not in ___.
Certain dietary substance: ____ fats and ____ fats stimulate the liver to make more cholesterol.

Back 6

Animal products. PB: high in cal, and fat, but not chol.
Saturated fats, trans fats.

Front 7

Proteins have ___Cal/gm. describe difference between complete protein and complementary (or incomplete) protein. And if the diet is missing even 1 of the essential AA ________ can not be made. Only plant to have complete is ___

Back 7

4C/gm. A complete protein as ALL the Amino Acids we need. A complementary or incomplete has only some of the AA.
Proteins. Soy

Front 8

What are the essential fats we need but can't make? Omega ___ Fatty acids and Omega ___ fatty acid.

Back 8

Omega 3, 6

Front 9

Fats are [more or less] dense than proteins?
So the more fats the ___ dense the lipoprotein is.
Most fat/least protein is the _______. Low density=high fat. So the highest fat is __DL and lowest fat is ___DL.

Back 9

less, less.
Chylomicrons.
LDL, HDL

Front 10

VLDL -very low density lipoproteins are made in the ______. Function: to transport synthesized fat to ____ -____. (stored as what?) What are they synthesized from? (think about it: what happens when the body takes in excess energy, what does it do with it?)
So excess ____ is converted by ____ to ___and transported by ____ and taken to _____.

Back 10

liver, fat cells. triglycerides. Excess carbs. stores excess energy (carbs) as fat.
carbs, converted to fat by liver, transported to fat cells via VLDL.

Front 11

When the VLDL gets to the fat cells they take out the ___________, the remaining package is the ___. This package or baggie is full with _____. It is taking the _______ to the liver (which uses this to make bile) and other parts of the body but has some left over. Too much of this can leave _____ on the blood vessels causing blockage.

Back 11

triglycerides. LDL full with chol. being taken to liver and other body parts. Excess can deposit on blood vessels.

Front 12

HDL is also made by the liver. Think of this as an ____ bag that goes out to ____-__ chol. and take it to the liver. HDL is the [good/bad] kind. It can be increased by ________.

Back 12

empty, pick-up. good, exercise.

Front 13

Vitamins are _______ nutrients. They are _________ in small amounts for normal metabolic processes.

Back 13

essential, required.

Front 14

Calorie is the amount of ______ needed to raise 1 gm (1000mg) of water __degree C. Amount of Cal needed varies per ____, age and ______-_____.

Back 14

energy, 1 degree.
gender, age, activity level

Front 15

Fat Soluble vitamins (CAKED). give their purpose and deficiency.

Back 15

C-make collagen, scurvy
A-vision, nite blindness
K-clotting, bleeding
E-cell membranes, anemia
D-Ca metabolism, rickets.

Front 16

BMI
norm
overweight
obese

Back 16

Norm: 18-25
overwt: >25
obese: >30

Front 17

BMI >30 is increased risk for: name some.

Back 17

prem. death, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea, infertility, Asthma, Cancer, arthritis, gall stones. cataracts.

Front 18

Anorexia mortality rate: same as Russian Roulette.

Back 18

1 in 6

Front 19

Kwashiorkor is _______ starvation.
Marasmus is ________ starvation.
Ascities is the _____-_____.

Back 19

protein, calorie
swollen belly.