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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A hollow, cone-shaped, muscular pump.
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Heart
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Are cold blooded animals.
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Exothermic
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Are warm blooded animals; requires lots of energy to maintain a normal body temperature.
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Endothermic
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Some mixing of oxygen rich blood with oxygen poor blood in 3-chamber hearts.
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Incomplete Double Circulation
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In 4-chamber hearts, oxygen rich blood never mixes with oxygen poor blood.
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Complete Double Circulation
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Have 2-chamber hearts; are exothermic animals; have 1 atrium and 1 ventricle; mixes oxygen rich blood with oxygen poor blood.
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Fish
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Have 3-chamber hearts; are exothermic animals; have 2 atria (right & left) and 1 ventricle; incomplete double circulation.
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Amphibians
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Have 3-chamber hearts; are exothermic animals; have 2 atria (right & left) & 1 ventricle; incomplete double circulation.
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Reptiles (except crocodiles, have 4 chamber hearts)
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Have 4-chamber hearts; are endothermic animals; have 2 atria (right & left) & 2 ventricles (right & left); complete double circulation.
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Aves (Birds)
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Have 4-chamber hearts; are endothermic animals; have 2 atria (right & left) & 2 ventricles (right & left); complete double circulation.
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Mammals (including Humans)
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Located within the mediastinum of the thorax, resting upon the diaphragm, bordered laterally by the lungs, posteriorly by the vertebral column, & anteriorly by the sternum. Its base, which attatches to several large blood vessels, lies beneath the 2nd rib. The distal end extends downward & to the left, terminating as a bluntly pointed apex at the level of the 5th intercostal space.
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Location of the Human Heart
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Varies with body size; generally about 14cm long & 9cm wide.
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Size of the Human Heart
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Is the most sufficient of all animal hearts.
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Human Heart
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The serous membrane that surrounds the heart; encloses the heart & the proximal ends of the large blood vessels to which it attatches; consists of 3 layers: fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, & includes the pericardial cavity.
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Pericardium
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The thickest, outermost layer of the heart that is largely composed of dense conective tissue.
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Fibrous Pericardium
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The middle layer of the heart and the inner lining of the fibrous pericardium; the muscle tissue of the heart.
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Parietal Pericardium
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The innermost layer on the surface of the heart.
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Visceral Pericardium
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A space betweenthe parietal & visceral layers of the peroicardium that contains a small volume of serous fluid (produced by the pericardial membranes)that reduces the friction and prevents irritation between the pericardial membranes as the heart moves within them.
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Pericardial Cavity
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The visceral (inner) portion of the pericardium of the wall of the heart, composed of a serous membrane of connective tissue covered with epithelium. Its funtion is to form a protective outer covering and to secrete serous fluid.
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Epicardium
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The thick, middle layer of the wall of the heart composed of cardia muscle tissue seperated by connective tissues. Its function is to contact to pump blood from the heart chambers.
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Myocardium
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The inner layer of the wall of the heart, composed of a nmembrane of epithelium and underlying connective tissue, taht lines all of the heart chambers & valves, is continuous with the inner linings of the blood vessels (endothelium) attatched to the heart. Its function is to form a protective inner lining of the chambers & valves.
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Endocardium
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