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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of the troposphere |
Area from the surface to about 36,000 feet Less dense with increasing altitude Temperature decreases with increasing altitude Large amounts of condensation nuclei |
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Characteristics of the tropopause |
Transition zone between troposphere and stratosphere Strongest winds (jet stream) occur just below tropopause |
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Characteristics of the stratosphere |
Increasing temperature with increasing altitude Generally smooth with excellent visibility |
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Flight conditions associated with troposphere |
Light winds near earth's surface. Increase in intensity with altitude Normal variation in flight conditions |
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Flight conditions associated with the tropopause |
Anvil tops of thunderstorms Haze layer Wind shear |
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Flight conditions associated with stratosphere |
Generally smooth with excellent visibility |
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Lapse rate |
The decrease in temperature with increasing altitude |
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Average lapse rate |
2 C per 1000 ft (3.57 F) |
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Atmospheric pressure |
The pressure exerted on the surface of the earth by the weight of the column of air directly above that spot |
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Standard units of pressure measurement and standard atmosphere |
29.92 inHg and 1013.2 mb 1 inHg/1000 ft and 34 mb/1000 ft |
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Sea level pressure and station pressure |
Station pressure is the atmosphere pressure measured at an airfield or station Sea level pressure is the pressure that would be measured from the existing weather if the station were at MSL |
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Types of altitude |
Indicated: What is read of the altimeter in the cockpit Calibrated: Indicated corrected for instrument error True: actual height above sea level (MSL) -Calibrated corrected for nonstandard temperature Absolute: AGL Pressure: Height above the standard datum plane -Standard datum plane is the actual elevation above or below the surface where the pressure is equal to 29.92 inHg Density: PA corrected for nonstandard temperature and humidity -Density decreases, DA increases -Indicator of aircraft performance, not elevation |
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Effects of pressure changes on aircraft altimeteres |
From high to low, lookout below -Flying into lower pressure: altimeter indicated higher than actual From low to high, plenty of sky -Flying into higher pressure: altimeter indicated lower than actual |
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Effects of temperature deviations from the standard lapse rate on aircraft altimeters |
Into lower temp: Altimeter indicates higher than actual. MSL altitude lower than indicated Into higher temp: Altimeter indicates lower than actual. MSL altitude higher than indicated |
