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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Centripetal Forces |
Forces within a state promoting unity and stability p=positive |
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Centrifugal Forces |
Forces within a state promoting instability |
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Shatterbelt |
Region endangered by local conflicts within a state or between countries in the area, as well as the involvement of opposing great powers outside the region Ex: Rwanda |
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Choke Point |
Geographical feature (land or sea) with strategic importance Ex: Suez Canal |
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Gerrymander |
Redistricting that is unfair and gives an advantage to a particular party by concentrating voting strength Ex: putting all Republicans in a single district to ensure Republican vote |
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Devolution |
Transfer of decision-making power from a central government to a lower level |
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Causes of Devolution |
Ethnic sepatisim Economic and social issues Irredentism Physical geography Centrifugal forces Terrorism Ethnic cleansing |
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When does Devolution occur? |
States fragment into subnational political territorial units (Belgium's Flanders and Brussels / Canada's Nunavut) States disintegrate (Ethiopia, Indiniesia, U.S.S.R. |
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Berlin Conference |
A meeting (1884-1885) between European Nations to divide Africa among them for colonization with the intent of preventing conflict; current peoples had no choice and were not regarded in the decisions |
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Median-line Principle |
Method used to divide the waters between states that do not have 400 miles between them |
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Antecedent Boundary |
Physical Boundary / natural landscape Ex: the Rio Grande River |
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Consequent Boundary |
Coincides with local cultural groups |
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Subsequent Boundary |
Evolves with the cultural landscape Tip: subsequently, the boundary changed |
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Relic / Relict Boundary |
No longer exists, may be remnants |
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Geometric Boundary |
Straight line drawn on a map Ex: the western United States are very blocky and straight |
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State |
Synonym for country; political unit with permanent population and boundaries are recognized by other states that allows for administration of laws, collection of taxes, and provision of defense |
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Nation |
People see themselves as one because of similarities in culture Ex: Americans, the Japanese |
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Nation-state |
State with a single nation Ex: Japan / Iceland |
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Stateless Nation |
Nation without an independent state Ex: Kurds / Palestians |
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Multi-national State |
State with two or more nations Ex: the United Sates, Germany |
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Multi-state Nation |
Nation living across several states Ex: Kurds |
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Autonomous Region |
Area governs itself without independence Ex: Hong Kong |
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Semi-autonomous state |
Region governs itself without complete power Ex: Nunavut |
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Law of the Sea |
Established rights and responsibilities of states concerning ownership/use of oceans/seas and their resources as developed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |
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Territorial Sea |
12 miles off a state's coast, state has sovereignty |
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Contiguous Zone |
Zone of water adjacent to Territorial Sea (24 miles) State enforces customs/immigration/sanitation |
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Exclusive Economic Zone |
Zone of water adjacent to Contiguous Zone (200 miles) state has right to explore/exploit and manage resources |
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International Waters |
Ocean beyond the EEZ, all states have equal access |
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Federal State |
State has a division of power between a central and local government Ex: Canada, U.S., Russia |
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Unitary State |
State that is governed by a single unit Ex: China, Italy, France, Spain |
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European Union |
Economic alliance between European Countries (1992) that established free trade and open borders and a common currency |
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What is NAFTA |
Economic alliance to gradually eliminate tariffs and trade barriers between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico |
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What is ASEAN |
Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
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Elongated State |
State that is narrow and long Ex: Chile |
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Compact State |
Chunky, distance from center to border are equal Ex: Macedonia |
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Fragmented State |
State divided from other parts by land or countries |
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Perforated State |
State surrounding another state Ex: South Africa surrounds Losutu |
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Prorupt State |
That with an elongated section ○--- Ex: Afghanistan |
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Microstate |
Extremely small state Ex: Monaco |
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Paris Agreement |
Protocols of greenhouse emissions by the United States |
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Imperialism |
Drive toward expansion and creation of an empire |
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Colonialism |
Rule by an autonomous power over a subordinate people and place |
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Neocolonialism |
Colonialism on crack |
