Aphasia Manual Ch 2

Front 1

Fluent vs Nonfluent aphasias

Back 1

Fluent Aphasias: (posterior)
-Broca's
-TCM
-Global
-Mixed

Nonfluent: (anterior)
-Wernicke's
-TCS
-Conduction
-Anomic

Front 2

Which aphasia involves the left lateral frontal, pre-rolandic suprasylvian region, usually extending into the periverntricular white matter?
-

Back 2

Broca's
-Infarct much larger than just 44.
-Receptive better than expressive

Front 3

T/F
A lesion limited to Broca's Area does not produce Broca's Aphasia.

Back 3

TRUE. It only produces a mild dysprosody, mild agraphia, some word-finding pauses and/or mild dysarthria.

Front 4

Which Aphasia?
-Anterior (frontal) Lesion
-May affect the supplementary motor cortex
-White Matter underneath sup. motor area
-L Frontal lobe ant. and sup. to Broca's (spares Broca's)
-CAN repeat
-supplied by either ant. cer artery or ant. most penetrating branches of MCA

Back 4

Transcortical Motor Aphasia
-Echolalic, but can't say anything spontaneously

Front 5

Which aphasia?
-Large lesion, L fronto-parietal-temoral zone of lang.
-Extending from Broca's to Wernicke's to the angular gyrus region and deep into subjacent white matter
-Severe Lang Deficit across all areas
-Supplied by both divisions of MCA

Back 5

Global Aphasia
-Wipes out WHOLE ZoL
-Tx= Start from very beginning

Front 6

Mixed Aphasia

Back 6

-Milder version of Global Aphasia

Front 7

Which Aphasia?
-Lesions in the post. 1/3 of the sup. temporal Gyrus
-2 variations: Primarily temporal lesion, more posterior lesion

Back 7

Wernicke's Aphasia
-Expressive better than receptive
-Paraphasias
-Temporal: word-deaf variant, reading preserved
-Posterior: Difficulty w/ written, less w/ isolated words

Front 8

Which Aphasia:
-Lesion on Supramarginal Gyrus and underlying whitematter pathways
-Can not repeat
-lesion connects Wernicke's to Broca's

Back 8

Conduction Aphasia

Front 9

Which Aphasia:
-Lesion in Angular Gyrus
-Posterior
-Can read, write, talk, but circumvent

Back 9

Anomic Aphasia

Front 10

Which aphasia:
-Involve Basal Ganglia
-2 different types: Enfarct Thalamus, Enfarct internal capsule

Back 10

Subcortical Aphasias

Front 11

When brain damage is vascualar, and affects written lang only, the lesion is usually in the distribution of the ____.
When lang prob is oral, the lesion is in the ____.
When both spoken and written lang affected, the lesion is in the ____.

Back 11

Posterior Cerebral Artery,
Middle Cerebral Artery,
Internal Carotid Artery

Front 12

What are the 4 major arteries of the cerebral hemispheres?

Back 12

Right Carotid
Left Carotid
Right Vertebral
Left Vertebral
(R & L join to become the single basilar artery)

Front 13

There are 5 distinct vascular territories that are connected through the Circle of Willis. What are they?

Back 13

1, 2. Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA) (L & R)
3, 4. Middle Cerebral Arteries (MC) (L & R)
5. Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA)

Front 14

How is the Circle of Willis formed?

Back 14

Formed by the Anterior Communicating artery (AcomA), which links the 2 ACA
-The two ACA which arise together w/ the MCA from the internal carotid artery and the 2 posterior communicating arteries (PcomA) which link the internal carotid artery to the PCA and the basilar artery.

Front 15

If the patient is aphasic and CAN repeat, the lesion is probably ____ the zone of language.

Back 15

outside ZoL
-but affected cortical or subcortical areas bordering the lang. zone

Front 16

Endarterectomy

Back 16

-Means "excision within the artery"
-Cut out the carotid arteryand remove clots, etc. from ostructing the artery and flow of blood to the brain

Front 17

What is a complete or partial occlusion of the arteries where the cells begin to die and an infarct develops with necrosis and loss of tissue bulk?

Back 17

Ischemic Stroke
-See an inner zone of infarction w/ a surrounding zone of ischemia
-Caused by thrombosis or embolus
-CVA

Front 18

What is the most common form of an ischemic stroke (CVA)?

Back 18

Thrombosis

Front 19

Which CVA is related to artherosclerosis and is the result of stenosis?

Back 19

Thrombosis

Front 20

What is Stenosis?

Back 20

A narrowing of the artery due to plaque.

Front 21

Which CVA breaks off a piece of the thrombus and is released into the bloodstream, occluding a distal artery?

Back 21

Embolism

Front 22

What is a Thrombus?

Back 22

-When an ulcer develops due to atherosclerosis, the blood stream responds by laying down fibrin mat'l, platelet adhesion, and trapping blood cells called a thrombus
-Thrombus can either occlude the blood vessel (thrombosis), or break apart and be released into the blood stream (embolism)

Front 23

Which CVA is the result of the rupturing of a blood vessel within the intracranium?

Back 23

Hemorrhagic stroke
-Can occur in 3 areas:
-Within the brain
-Subaracnoid
-Subdural Space
-50% survival rate

Front 24

Which CVA is a brief focal cerebral event where the symptoms develop rapidly and last less than 24 hours?

Back 24

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

-During the attack, part of the brain becomes ischemic resulting in the clinical symptoms.