• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/159

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

159 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the characteristics of Dementia?
Decrease in verbal and nonverbal cognitive functioning

Deteriorating memory for more recent events

Thought processes become disorganized

Disorientation of place, person, time

Personality changes
What are some causes of dementia?
Alzheimer's disease (cortical), Pick's disease (cortical), Fronto-temportal Dementia (cortical), Huntington's Chorea (sub-cortical), Parkinson's Disease (sub-cortical), arteriosclerosis (cortical), Multi-infarct dementia (cortical)
What are the Linguistic/Communicative Characteristics of aphasia?
Semantic and pragmatic deficits

Phonology and syntax remain intact

Semantic problems in naming tasks, word fluency then confrontation naming, then spontaneous speech

Confabulation also evident (statements that are false and may include bizarre or fantastic features)
What distinguishes dementia from aphasics? (Linguistically)
Pragmatic deficits (in dementia)
What is the nature of the pragmatic deficits associated with dementia?
Lack of questions or commands compared to typical adults

More egocentric speech

Decrease in topic maintenance

Introduction of new topics before closing old ones

Feel there is more shared information between listener and speaker than there is in reality
What demographic(s) is mostly effected by Traumatic Brain Injuries?
15-24 year old males and preschool children
When do head traumas mostly occur?
On weekends in the spring between 10 PM and 4 AM
What is the nature of a TBI?
Blow to head - blunt force - may or may not cause skull fracture

Non-penetrating injury leading to alteration in level of consciousness with subsequent cognitive and behavioral deficits
Explain the nature of the acceleration - deceleration injury associate with TBI
Brain is moving very fast and is brought to an abrupt stop

Shearing of nerve fibers with diffuse axonal damage

A lot of disruption of nerve fibers (subcortical white matter) with or without cortical damage (diffuse white matter and possibly cortical damage)
True or False

Duration of Post Traumatic Amnesia is not a predictive variable to cognitive ability
FALSE!

PTA IS a predictive variable to cognitive ability
When does PTA begin?
In the time period from when the person is coming out of a coma but is still in an altered state of consciousness
When does PTA end?
When patient is able to recall current daily events and is oriented x3 (person, place, time)
What is the GOAT?
Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test

Scale which determines beginning and end points of PTA time
What is the scale associated with the GOAT?
PTA less that 5 minutes - very mild deficits or non-significant

PTA less than 1 hour - mild deficits

PTA 1-24 hours - moderate deficits

PTA 1-7 days - severe deficits

PTA more than 7 days - profound deficits
True or False?

PTA may have prognostic significance
TRUE!

The longer the PTA time, the more severe the cognitive symptoms will be
True or False?

Age is not a factor having prognostic significance
FALSE!

Age is indeed a factor having prognostic significance, however it is relative
Ranchos Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning

Treatment emphasis of
Levels I - III?
Treatment emphasis focuses on arousal and alerting to general stimuli
Ranchos Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning

Treatment emphasis of
Levels IV?
Focus on attention and perception of environment; reduce agitation
Ranchos Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning

Treatment emphasis of
Levels V?
Focus on discrimination and orientation to environment - get patient to selectively attend
Ranchos Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning

Treatment emphasis of
Levels VI?
Focus on categorization and sequencing - work on speech and language skills
Ranchos Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning

Treatment emphasis of
Levels VII and VIII?
Focus on memory and higher level cognitive and language skills - vocational and educational issues
What are the pragmatic deficits associated with TBI?
Inappropriate prosody

Inappropriate affect

Topic selection

Topic maintenance

Problems with initiation, turn-taking, and pause time in conversation

Difficulty in both quantity and conciseness in conversation
What are characteristics of Right Hemisphere processing?
Comprehension of concrete nouns

Can read concrete words (particularly nouns)

Poor ability to deal with abstract nouns

Can deal with basic semantic relationships

Involved in processing emotional information

Not involved in syntactic functioning and does not use phonological information
What are the visual deficits affecting communication? (RH)
Visual neglect (typically left side of space)

Visual-spatial processing disorder - problems dealing with visual orientation

Prosopagnosia/facial recognition

Anosagnosia - denial of illness
Emotional Deficits Affecting Communication?
Poor judgement as the result of problems with affect

Reduced affect
Communication, Language, and Pragmatic deficits involved with Right Hemisphere Communicative Impairment?
Syntax and phonology intact

Semantic and pragmatic problems show up in unstructured communication

Difficulty using contextual information

Difficulty organizing info

Difficulty integrating elements into a single coherent theme

Impaired appreciation of humor

Impaired ability to recognize emotions
True or False?

Both apraxia of speech and aphasia are caused by focal lesions in the right cerebral cortex.
FALSE!

A lesion in the LEFT cerebral cortex can cause apraxia of speech and aphasia
True or False

Dysarthrias may result from a variety of diseases which affect central and peripheral nervous systems below the cortex
TRUE!
True or False

Within the cortex, damage to the pre-motor region or Broca's area, produces aphaisa
FALSE!

Damage to the pre-motor region or Broca's area causes apraxia, whereas damage to the frontal and/or posterior regions causes aphasia - both of which are of sudden onset
True or False

Dysarthrias may appear suddenly or gradually depending upon eitology
TRUE!
Dysarthrias are manifestations of _____ weakness in the speech mechanism disrupting _______, ______, _________
Dysarthrias are manifestation of muscle weakness in the speech mechanism disrupting phonation, resonance, and articulation (one or all of these depending on where the damage is in the nervous system)
True or false?

Dysarthria is strictly a speech disorder.
TRUE!
True or False?

Apraxia of speech is a language problem.
FALSE!

Both dysarthrias and apraxia of speech are MOTOR SPEECH disorders - not language problems

However, apraxia may affect linguistic performance
True or false?

Dysarthrias are impairments of volitional and non-volitional movement, while apraxia of speech is an impairment primarily of volitional movement.
TRUE!

With apraxia it tends to be that the more salient the task, the more difficult
What is the main diagnostic problem with respect to aphasia and apraxia of speech?
Sound substitutions in aphasia and those in apraxia of speech.

Articulatory problems of Broca's aphasia are usually a product of an accompanying apraxia of speech.
Who wrote the Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis (MTTDA) and when?
Schuell in the late 1960s-1970s
How long does the MTTDA take to administer and how many subtests are there?

What is the scoring system?
2-3 hours

46 subtests divided into 5 sections (auditory disturbances, speech and language disturbances, visuo-motor and writing disturbances, disturbances of numerical relations and arithmetic processes)

Scoring system for most subtests = +/-
What is the MTTDA intended for?
Differentiate aphasia from normal levels of language function

Differential diagnosis and prediction of recovery

Assesses patient strength/weaknesses in all language modalities as a guide to planning treatment
What made the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA) original?
Use of the same method of direction and response
How many subtests make up the PICA?

What is the scoring system?
18 subtests of the 4 language modalities identified as either gestural, verbal, or graphic

Scoring system: Multidimensional 16 point scale based on 5 dimensions of the patients responses: accuracy, responsiveness, completeness, promptness, and efficiency
What are some problems with the PICA?
Homogeneity of test items (same 10 used for each subtest)

Extensive training needed to administer

Statistical variables associated with the test construction

Provides very little descriptive data
Who developed the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE)?

How long does it take to administer?
Goodglass, Kaplan, Barresi

2 hours admn.
What does the BDAE provide?
Reliable and sensitive measurement of degree of deficit and amount of recovery
What is the weakness of the BDAE?

What is a strength?
The scoring system is its weakeness

Probably the best test stimulus wise
Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) - who developed it?
Kertesz
True or False?

The BDAE is much better at determining the type of aphasia than the WAB
TRUE!
What two quotients does the WAB provide?
Aphasia Quotient (AQ) - key score relative to aphasia - based on a score of 100

Aphasia - AQ score of 93.8 or below

Cortical Quotient (CQ) - broader measure taking into account all language and non-language tasks
Who are the author(s) of the Neuro-sensory Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia?

Subtests (number of)?

Scoring?

Administration time?
Spreen and Benton - authors

20 subtests - uses 32 objects arranged on 4 trays for several tasks

Scoring is +/- for most, a 5 point scale for naming subtests

2 hours to administer

Includes profile sheet
True or False?

The Aphasia Diagnostic Profile has been used frequently in studies of recovery.
FALSE!

The Neuro-sensory Center Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia has been used frequently in studies of recovery.
What is Dr. Hough's favorite test?
The Aphasia Diagnostic Profiles
Who is the author of the Aphasia Diagnostic Profiles?
Helm-Estabrooks
Who wrote the Multilingual Aphasia Examination?
Spreen, Varney, and Benton

It is an extensive battery revised several times examining all aspects of language in french, spanish, and english

Often used in studies of prognosis
Who wrote the Bilingual Aphasia Test?
Paradis (1993)

Each version is culturally and functionally equivalent in content (versus simply direct translations)
Who wrote Examining for Aphasia and Related Disorders - IV?
LaPointe & Eisenson
What test is the Examining for Aphasia and Related Disorders -IV based on?
It is based on the same principles of the MTTDA.

It examines the strength and weakness patterns of aphasia.

It has better scoring than the MTTDA
Who wrote the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery: Language Module?
Stern and White (2003)

Six modules
Who wrote the Language Modalities Test for Aphasia?
Wepman and Jones
What is considered to be the first real test of aphasia?
The Language Modalities Test for Aphasia

Not really used anymore

Most everything is based on this test.
What does the Sklar Aphasia Scale provide? How long does it take to administer?
Provides a degree of impairment of language function in four language modalities.

20 min admin. time
Who wrote the Aphasia Language Performance Scale?
Keenan and Brassell
What does the Aphasia Language Performance Scale look at?

Administration time?
Looks at 4 language modalities (listening, reading, talking, writing)

Items increase in complexity with each modality

Takes 20-30 minutes to administer
Who wrote the Bedside Evaluation Screening Test?
Fitch-West and Sands
What is the Bedside Evaluation Screening Test? What does it look for?
It's a 20 minute test that can be conducted at bedside using a portable kit with a magnetic display board.

It is a language screening instrument using 7 subtests to assess competence across three modalities: speaking, comprehension, reading
What has the Bedside Evaluation Screening Test been found to highly correlate with?
The BDAE and the PICA
Who wrote the Acute Aphasia Screening Protocol?

What does it check?
Crary et al.

It's a 10 minute check of attention and orientation, auditory comprehension, and basic expressive abilities
Who wrote the Aphasia Screening Test?
Whurr
Who is the Aphasia Screening Test aimed for?
The moderate to severe aphasic patient.

It provides quantitative as well as qualitative information and provides a profile on which to base treatment.

Not really a true screening - goes more in depth.
Who wrote the Functional Communication Profile?
Sarno
What does the Functional Communication Profile focus on/examine?

What is the scoring system?
Focuses on the use of language in everyday situations.

Examines aphasic individual's independence as a language user.

Scoring sytem: Each item is rated on a 9 point scale looking at 45 communicative behaviors divided into 5 categories (gesture, speaking, understanding, reading, and other)

Ratings are obtained partly from an informal interview with the patient preceding testing.
Who wrote the Communicative Activities of Daily Living - 2 (CADL)
Holland
The CADL is a test of _______ ________ skills.
Functional language skills
What does the CADL look at?

What is the scoring system?

Administration Time?
The CADL looks at how a patient communicates in a variety of situations.

Uses role-playing using a scoring developed by Boller and Green: 2, 1, 0.

2 = appropriate response
1 = in the ball park
0 = inappropriate response

Admin time - 35-40 min.
What was the correlation between the CADL and the PICA?

The CADL and the BDAE?

What does this correlation mean?
The correlation was .94 between the CADL and the PICA and .86 between the CADL and the BDAE.

This means that the CADL appears to relate to language structure skills. If the PICA and BDAE are related to how well the patient can talk, the CADL appears to indicate how well the patient can communicate.
Who wrote the Token Test?

When was the original test developed?
DeRenzi and Faglioni developed the original test in 1962

A shortened version was developed in 1978.
What does the Token Test measure?
Subtle comprehension and memory deficits.
How many parts does the Token Test contain?
6 parts
Who wrote the Revised Token Test? How is it different?
McNeil and Prescott - the scoring system is more elaborate and the administration and scoring were modeled after the PICA.
Who wrote the Auditory Comprehension Test for Sentences (ACTS)?
Shewan
What does the ACTS examine?

How long does it take to administer?
It examines the contribution of length, vocabulary, and syntactic complexity to auditory comprehension.

Consists of 25 sentences and patient points to one of four pictures that represents the meaning of the sentence.

Takes 15 minutes to administer.
Who wrote the Reading Comprehension Battery for Aphasia - 2 (RCBA)?
LaPointe and Horner
What does the RCBA investigate?
Investigates the nature and degree of reading impairment
Who wrote the Reporter's Test?
DeRenzi and Ferrari
What test was the Reporter's test a spin off of? Why?
The Token Test - in order to create a measure of mild to moderate disorders of verbal expression

It's purpose is to be a screening tool of minimal expressive difficulties
What is the limitation of the Reporter's test?
The content is so specific that conclusions about results may not be generalized to language function as a whole.
Who wrote the Boston Naming Test?
Kaplan, Goodglass, and Weintraub
What is the Boston Naming Test?
Vocabulary naming test consisting of black and white pictures which increase in difficulty as they decrease in word frequency and is used to assess the extent of word finding difficulty.
Who wrote the Test of Adolescent/Adult Word Finding?
German (1990)
What is the Test of Adolescent/Adult Word Finding? How is word retrieval measured?
It's a standardized test of word retrieval skills in adolescents and adults.

Word retrieval is measured on the dimensions of accuracy and speed with the test divided into picture naming for nouns and verbs, category naming, sentence completion, and descriptive naming.
Who wrote the Boston Assessment of Severe Aphasia (BASA)?
Helm-Estabrooks, Ramsbarger, Morgan, and Nicholas
What is the BASA used for?
Early post-stroke administration at beside to probe the spared language abilities of severely aphasic adults

Both gesture and verbal responses to items are scored
Who wrote the Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia (PALPA)?
Kay, Lesser, and Coltheart
Describe the PALPA.
It is a set of resource materials that enables the user to select language tasks that can be tailored to the investigation of an individual patient's impaired and intact abilities.

Gives a profile that can be interpreted within current cognitive models of language.
True or False?

The PALPA is a tool for the more experienced clinician.
TRUE!
Who wrote the Efficiency of Communication in Assessment?
Yorkston and Beukelman
What does the Efficiency of Communication in Assessment look for/at?
A way to quantify higher level verbal expression through number of content units per minute and syllables per minute
What is a content unit?
A bit of information expressed in one unit - amount of information a patient is conveying
How many syllables per minute do typically older adults speak at? Mild aphasics?
Typically aging adults = 193/minute

Aphasics = 121/minute
How man content units per minute does a typically aging adult produce? Mild aphasic patients?
Typically aging adult = 33.7/minute

Aphasics = 18.7/minute
Who wrote the Pragmatic Protocol?
Prutting and Kirchner
The Pragmatic Protocol directs the examiner to score patients on ___ _________ after observing their participation in a __-______ structured ____________ with __________ communication partners.
The Pragmatic Protocol directs the examiner to score patients on 30 parameters after observing their participation in a 15-minute structured conversation with familiar communication partners.
In the Pragmatic Protocol, the 30 parameters are divided into ____ areas and include: ____ ____, _____, ____-____, ______ _______/____, _______ _________, _________ ______, and ________ _________.
The 30 parameters are divided into 7 areas and include: speech acts, topic, turn-taking, lexical selection/use, stylistic variations, paralinguistic aspects, and nonverbal acts.
Who developed the ASHA Functional Assessment of Communication? (ASHA FAC)
Frattalli et al.
Why was the ASHA FAC developed?
ASHA mandated the development of something beyond what we currently have for aphasia.
True of False?

The ASHA FAC is a functional measure specifically geared toward communication in adults only in the area of language.
FALSE!

The ASHA FAC is a measure specifically geared toward communication in adults, but not necessarily language.
What is the rating scale of the ASHA FAC and what does it assess?
It's a 7 point rating scale assessing the level of independence
What does the ASHA FAC look at, specifically?
It looks at social communication, communication of basic needs, daily planning, and reading/writing/number concepts

Looks at promptness, adequacy, and can be measured qualitatively
Who wrote the Communication Effectiveness Index (CETI)?
Lomas et al.
What is the CETI?
It is a social validation measure
Who is the rating scale scored by on the CETI?

What is is based on?
A spouse or a caregiver about the individual with a neurogenic language disorder

It is based on the patient's current communicative abilities with their pre-morbid abilities
Who wrote the ASHA Quality of Communication Life Scale?
Paul-Brown et al
The AHSA Quality of Communication Life Scale consists of ___ _______ for which patients are asked to state their ___________.
The ASHA Quality of Communication Life Scale consists of 18 statements for which patients are asked to state their agreement.
What is the scoring scale for the ASHA Quality of Communication Life Scale? How long does it take to administer?
It uses a 5 point printed vertical scale and the average rating is calculated by the clinician.

It can be administered in 20 minutes.
Who wrote the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale?
Williams et al
What does the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale involve?
It involves patient ratings of function and quality of life related to physical, pyschosocial, communication, and energy domains
Who wrote the Burden of Stroke Scale?
Doyle et al.


(O'Doyle RULES! Billy Madison? Anybody? Anybody?.....)
What does the Burden of Stroke Scale incorporate? How is it different from the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale?
It incorporates items addressing function, participation, and quality of life.

It is different from the SSQLS as items are combined to address each level of description and patient responds to a 5-point scale.

Follow-up probes are available if patient indicates difficulty with a particular area of function.
What domains does the Burden of Stroke Scale include items in?
Mobility, communication, cognition, swallowing, social relations, energy and sleep, and negative and positive moods
True or False?

We should always use a stimulation approach to some degree.
TRUE!
What is the purpose of a stimulation approach?
It emphasizes understanding of what stimulation factors may impede or enhance the patient's current linguistic abilities.

It exposes the patient to stimulus and task hierarchies that will stimulate functioning of compromised language functions and modalities.
True or False?

The tasks in a stimulation approach are always a means to and end.
FALSE!

Tasks are not a means to an end - they are always building on each other.
At what level should you work at in the treatment of aphasia for remediation?
You should work at a level at which the patient's performance is slightly deficient but not completely erroneous (60-80%)
What are Cognitive Neuropsychological treatments?
Using models of normal and/or disordered language to motivate treatment targets/procedures. It follows comprehensive assessment designed to delineate which specific linguistic processes have been compromised.

Treatment focuses on improving disrupted processes or capitalize on more intact processes.

Evaluate how therapy affects change in trained as well as untrained linguistic stimuli, functions, and modalities.

Therapy procedures may be very similar to those in the stimulation approach - however, rationale for these procedures in this approach are not the same.
True or False?

You should keep stimulus items simple and relevant to the area of deficit.
TRUE!
How should you begin a therapy session? Why?
You should being with an easy task/warm-up.

This gets the patient back into the therapeutic process and provides them with encouragement.
True or False?

The last task of a therapy session should be challenging and incorporate new stimulus items/concepts
FALSE! The last task of the session should also be familiar and easier.
Programmed stimulation or instruction, including the use of _________, is used in defining treatment progression.
Base-10
What does using programmed stimulation or instruction allow?
Allows you to determine initial and terminal responses

Small step progression indicates that the program moves the patient from initial to terminal responses through successive approximations.
What are convergent stimuli?
A stimulus item designed to converge on one particular response.

It is generally used with more severe patients - but not always!

Includes tasks such as repetition, naming, and sentence completion.
What are divergent stimuli?
Include a multitude of possible responses - more typical of communication

Tasks such as word fluency, feature generation, semantic feature analysis, association tasks, role-playing

Broaden a patient's practice of word retrieval

With divergent you are treating a primary word retrieval deficit rather than a task specific deficit such as naming.
Whether therapy focuses on divergent or convergent tasks reflects the extent to which the patient ___________
... is responsible to coming up with a particular response.
What is PACE? Who developed it?
PACE = Promoting Aphasics' Communicative Effectiveness

Davis and Wilcox
True or False?

PACE is an indirect approach developed out of recognition that standard indirect stimulation approaches do not coincide with structure of natural conversations.
FALSE!

It it a DIRECT approach developed out of recognition that standard DIRECT stimulation approaches do not coincide with the structure of natural conversation.
What does PACE focus the patient and clinician on?
It focuses the patient and clinician on ideas to be conveyed rather than on the struggle for linguistic accuracy.
The procedures of PACE are derived form 4 principles. What are they?
1.) Clinician and patient participate equally as senders and receivers of messages.

2.) The exchange of new information between the clinician and the patient.

3.) The patient has free choice as to which communicative channels he/she may use to convey new information.

4.) Feedback is presented by the clinician as receiver in response to the patient's success in conveying a message.
What is the scoring system of PACE?
7.5 point scoring system based on the successfulness of communication
True or False?

In general, the PACE is a good approach to integrate two particular goals of treatment.
TRUE!
True or false?

Drawing is a single modality approach to treatment.
FALSE! It is a multimodality approach and should be used in a total communication approach.
What needs to be targeted in the treatment of Global Aphasia?
Need to deal with the prognosis of improvement

Improve auditory comprehension

Improve verbal and nonverbal expression.
What did Sarno's study of Global aphasics find?
He found in his study of recovery patterns that all recovered to some extent. He also found that comprehension improved the most and propositional speech the least.

The largest amount of improvement occurred 6 months - 1 year post stroke.

At 6 months post-onset there was more spontaneous use of gestures.
What should be targeted to improve auditory comprehension in global aphasia?
Associations between words (nouns and verbs)

Answering yes/no questions

Following simple commands
What could be used to target verbal expression in global aphasia treatment?
Words that are functionally relevant

Words that are phonetically easy to articulate

Imitation, cuing, look at general responsiveness

Programs such as Helm-Estabrooks' Voluntary Control over Involuntary Utterances - attempt to build up core vocabulary based on what the patient produces

Phonological treatment involving phoneme to grapheme matching, phoneme discrimination, auditory word-picture matching, written word-auditory word matching
What could be used to target nonverbal expression in global aphasia tx?
Language boards (however, these may not work sometimes)

Bliss symbols, Rebus symbols

Programs such as Visual Action Therapy - graded tasks intended to develop gesturing as substitute comm. channel OR AMERIND- sign system
Describe Helm-Estabrooks' Visual Action Therapy
Program that capitalized on existing verbal and nonverbal behavior

Graded tasks intended to develop gesturing as substitute communicative channel

Patients must be able to match pictures and objects as a prerequisite skill.

12 steps with the first 6 used to train cognition and production of gestures with object and last six steps towards gesturing without objects.
What is AMERIND?
American Indian Sign Code

It's a supplemental communication mode for patients with severe aphasia and/or apraxia of speech

It is a sign system - not a language

More natural gestures than people use

It is not necessarily a substitute for verbal output, but a facilitator for verbal output
True or False?

Goals in auditory comprehension for Broca's aphaisa are lower level than those for global aphasia.
FALSE!

Goals in auditory comprehension are HIGHER level than those for global aphasia.

You want to focus on comprehension at sentence and paragraph level.

Syntactic information should be manipulated - use of context to circumvent syntactic comprehension problems.
What else would you work on in Broca's Aphasia treatment?
Verbal expression

Agrammatism

Verbal Output

Reading
In Broca's aphasia, what should be targeted in the domain of verbal expression?
Higher level thought organization skills and divergent tasks such as sequencing, categorizing, procedures, retelling of stories, higher level word retrieval activities

Writing goals should be focused at the word and sentence level
What are some agrammatic tendencies of Broca's aphasics?
Omit unstressed words in sentences (May be due to Goodglass' saliency hypothesis)

Start sentences with stressed word that carries a lot of content (noun)

Greater tendency to have verb and object construction than subject verb construction

Syllabic morphemes are more readily produced than nonsyllabic morphemes (crooked vs. kicked)

Difference in the use of /s/ morpheme

Use of adverb to mark things
What could Response Elaboration Treatment be used for in Broca's Aphasia?
Verbal Output

Increases utterance length and information content in verbal output

It is a loose training program with emphasis on utterance content versus form
What could Melodic Intonation Therapy be used for in respect to Broca's Aphasia?
It is a stimulation approach where you produce words/phrases in intoned and rhythmic manner

This is appropriate because Broca's patients have good auditory comprehension.
What should you work on in regard to Reading in Broca's Aphasiacs?
Work on grapheme to phoneme conversion - patients have trouble decoding letters and letter combination

Saying key words beginning with a particular letter and then saying the first sound of a word corresponding to target letter

Work on "sounding out" nonwords
What are some therapy goals for Wernicke's Aphasics?
Improve auditory comprehension

Decrease paraphasic errors and perseveration

Emphasize the content of what they are trying to communicate - content over structure

Address lexical-semantic deficits
Treatment for Wernicke's Aphasia: Capitalizing on patients' more intact _______ and _______ skills.
Reading and repetition skills
True or False?

You should investigate whether the visual system is stronger than the auditory in Wernicke's aphasics because is the visual system is stronger, the patient will respond better to printed word.
TRUE!
True or False?

You should address improving auditory comprehension at the sentence level for Wernicke's Aphasia patients.
FALSE!

Much like Global Aphasia patients, you should target auditory comprehension at the single word level.
True or false.

In patients with Wernicke's aphasia, as their comprehension improves they will not be able to deal better with paraphasic errors.
FALSE!

As comprehension improves, they will indeed be better able to deal with paraphasic errors as they will attempt to modify and correct their errors.
What are some tasks that could be use to target lexical-semantic deficits in Wernicke's aphasics?
Sorting/matching by semantic categories

Spoken or written naming tasks

Spoken/written phrase or sentence completion tasks

Matching pictures/words to definitions

Semantic Feature Analaysis
Describe aspects of treatment for patients with Conduction Aphasia
Improve higher level auditory comprehension skills

Emphasize decreasing paraphasic errors

Higher level thought organization tasks

Use of context to aid word retrieval abilities

Writing tasks - functional in nature
Anomic Aphasia - What should be improved?
Word retrieval abilities with emphasis on developing self-cuing strategies with patient

Improve auditory and visual comprehension skills as needed

Writing tasks should be functional in nature - similar to Broca's and Conduction aphasia