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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Alexia = ?
Agraphia = ? |
Alexia = Reading
Agraphia = Writing |
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Do most aphasics have alexia or agraphia?
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Most aphasics have BOTH alexia AND agraphia.
"Usually part of the aphasia syndrome but can exist separately. Usually from a small, left-hemisphere inferior parietal lobe lesion involving the angular gyrus. |
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What is Acquired Alexia?
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-Lang. based disorder highly associated with aphasia
-Some aphasics will benefit from the written word, as in Wernicke's, and some may not. -In some cases, you can show a written word to get a verbal response |
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What is Deep Dyslexia?
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-Impaired greapheme-phoneme conversion
-**Reads only content words** -More difficulty with functor words (either omitted of misread as another functor word) -Damage to mapping input to semantics -Semantic errors ("tall" for "long"). May be called PARALEXIAS -Strong word superiority effect -Strong Concreteness -Tends to omit inflectional and derivational errors ("entertain" for "entertainment") -May have errors based on visual similiarity ("crown" for "crowd") -Great difficulty with nonsense words -More difficulty with verbs and adjectives than nouns -Poor ability to select a work from a semantically related list -Promarily reads from a whole-word approach -Most Broca's Aphasics have this |
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What is Phonological Dyslexia?
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-Exists on a continuum from deep to surface dyslexia (a "recovering" deep dyslexic)
-Occasional difficulty reading grammatical functor words -Poor ability to apply grapheme-phoneme rules to read pseudowords -Familiarity strong factor -**Few semantic Errors** -Reading impariment-mild -Read words easier |
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What is Surface Alexia?
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-Spelling sound regularity
-Can read nonwords/functor words better than content words -Use of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion -Frequent regularization errors ("choir" pronounced "choyer") - apply phonetic rules when the shouldn't apply them |
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What is Alexia without Agraphia?
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-Person can't read what they write well. Usually occurs with right visual field deficirs. May also have difficulty naming visually presented colors (color Agnosia)
-Reads letter-by-letter (every single letter read out loud before word is read) -No semantic errors -Disassociation b/t occipital association cortex and the dominant angular gyrus -Very obsolete, small lesion -Typically do not have any other aphasia symptoms -Can write words, but can't read what they wrote |
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When assessing Alexia without Agraphia, what things should you keep in mind?
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-Do not confuse reading orally with reading comprehension
-Note error types or do an error analysis to try to discern the type of alexia |
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When assessing reading, what factors do you need to consider?
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-Word Frequency or occurance
-Part of speech -Emotional Valence -Personal Relevancy -Syntactic Complexity -Length of word -Degree of interference required for interpretation -Concreteness/Imagability -Regularity of Spelling -Morphological and syntactic complexity |
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When reading aloud, what factors do you need to consider?
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-Personally relevant names
-Words with emotional valence -Concrete nouns and verbs -Abstract nouns and verbs -Grammatical words -Numbers and letters (Arabic & Roman) -Phrases/sentences with sunstantive words -Phrases/sentences with functor words -Nonsense words |
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When assessing reading comprehension, what factors do you need to consider?
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-Match word with picture or oject
-May want to present target words vertically to minimize the problems of hemianopsia or inattention to one side -Should include phonemically and semantically related words -May want to read a command -Sentence comprehension with 4 choices -Paragraph comprehension with 4 choices |
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True/False:
Typically with aphasics, writing is better than speech. |
Typically, what one hears verbally will be what one sees graphically. Broca's aphasics will write primarily nouns or first letter words. Posterior lesion aphasic may write with a variety of paraphasic errors.
"What comes out of the mouth comes out of the pen." |
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What is the definition of Agraphia?
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-An acquired writing disorder characterized by errors in spelling, semantics, or syntax and poor construction of the physical features of the written word.
-Language-based disorder closely associated with aphasia. |
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When assessing writing, what factors do you need to consider?
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-Word frequency or occurrence
-Part of speech -Emotional valence -Personal relevancy -Syntactic complexity -Length of word -Degree of inference required for interpretation -Concreteness/imagability -**Regularity of spelling** -Morphological and syntactic complexity |
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What are the 4 types of agraphia?
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1. Apraxic Agraphia
2. Deep Dysgraphia 3. Surface Dysgraphia 4. Phonological Dysgraphia |
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What is Apraxic Agraphia?
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-Inability to use a writing tool to form graphic symbols when a model is provided.
-May be part of ideomotor apraxia or constructional apraxia -Imparied ability to form letters wven when copying -Better ability to spell with anagrams or a typewriter or to spell aloud -Difficulty in controlling and producing the graphomotor patterns required for writing |
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What is Deep Dysgraphia?
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-Produces spelling errors that are semantically related but not phonologically related (ie "school" for "class")
-Best at writing concrete nouns vs abstract nouns or verbs -Impaired phoneme-to-grapheme conversion -**Can not write functor words** |
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What is surface dyslexia?
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-Makes phonetic spelling errors (ie "skool" for "school") because of an over reliance on phoneme-to-grapheme conversion
-Impaired whole word lexical route -Can write pseudowords "flig" |
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What is phonological dysgraphia?
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-Uses a lexical-semantic whole word spelling approach
-Relative preservation of ability to write real words -Unable to write pseudowords "fling" vs "flig" |