Aphasia

Front 1

What are the Fluent Aphasias?

Back 1

1. Wernicke's
2. Transcortical- Sensory
3. Conduction
4. Anomic

Front 2

What are the Non-Fluent Aphasias?

Back 2

1. Brocas
2. Transcortical- Motor
3. Global

Front 3

Which aphasias have good comprehension?

Back 3

1. Brocas
2. Transcortical- Motor
3. Conduction
4. Anomic

Front 4

Which aphasias have good repetition?

Back 4

1. Transcortical- Motor
2. Transcortical- Sensory
3. Amonic

Front 5

What is Agnosia?

What are some types

Back 5

Failure to recognize

- Visual agnosia
- Prosopagnosia (unable to recognize faces)
- Tactile agnosia
- Auditory agnosia

Front 6

What is Agrammatism?

Which Aphasia tends to have it?

Back 6

Speech language pattern in which the following tend to be omitted:
- Auxillary verbs
- Articles
- Tense markers
- Prepositions
- Adjectives
- Adverbs

However they have CONTENT WORDS (nouns, pronouns, main verbs)

**BROCA'S APHASIA

Front 7

What is Agraphia? Alexia?

Back 7

Agraphia: Acquired inability to write regardless of their ability to read.

Alexia: Acquired inability to read.

Front 8

What are some types of paraphasic errors? (~6)

Back 8

- Hesitations
- Circumlocution (describing it)
- Jargon [Phonemic vs. Neolostic vs. Semantic]

Front 9

Can aphasia impair math abilities?

Back 9

YES!

Front 10

Which Aphasia may have Apraxia of Speech

Back 10

BROCA's Aphasia

Front 11

What are some common causes of aphasias?

Back 11

- Strokes
- Neoplasm (tumors)
- TBI

Front 12

3 types of arterial occlusion (strokes)

Back 12

1. Thrombosis - plaque accumulates over time

2. Embolism- clot travels to smaller cerebral artery

3. Infarct- cell death/necrosis; also means ischemia or blockage

Front 13

Signs vs. Symptoms vs Syndromes

Back 13

1. Signs- objective indicator of illness or disease OBSERVED BY EXAMINER

2. Symptoms- Indicators of illness or diease experience BY THE PATIENT

3. Syndromes- Label for a GROUP OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Front 14

What is perseveration?

Back 14

Inappropriate repetition or continuation of an earlier response after a change in task requirements.

Front 15

How can we reduce perseveration? (5)

Back 15

1. Control pervereation-inducing variables (e.g. rate of stimulus, word frequency, etc)

2. Establish set for new tasks

3. Time-out and distraction

4. Raise perseverative behavior to level of awareness (self-monitoring)

5. Conceal previous responses (covering answers)

Front 16

Can aphasia be subcortical or embedded?

Back 16

Yes!

Subcortical - Thalamic (and others)

Embedded - Alzheimer's dementia

Front 17

Define Paraphasias: Literal/phonemic

Give example

Back 17

Sound substitution

boat-> boot
paper-> taper

Front 18

Define Paraphasias: Semantic

Give example

Back 18

Substitution of semantically related word

plate-> bowl
table-> chair

Front 19

Define Paraphasias: Phonosemantic

Give example

Back 19

Substitution of a phonemically and semantically related word

telephone-> television
broom-> brush

Front 20

Define Paraphasias: Verbal

Give example

Back 20

Substitution of any word for another

desk-> plant
globe-> train

Front 21

Define Paraphasias: Neologistic

Give example

Back 21

Substitution of a non-word

house-> shala
table-> babeli

Front 22

Define Paraphasias: Circumlocution

Give example

Back 22

Substitution a description for a word or talking around the word.

hourglass-> thing used to measure time

Front 23

Deep Dyslexia vs. Surface Dyslexia

Ex

Back 23

Deep - loss of indirect (phonological) route and dependence upon direct (lexical/semantic route); May read using whole-word recognition

Ex. they read "closed" as "shut"

Surface- loss of direct (lexical/semantic) route and dependence upon indirect (phonological) route; May read letter by letter

Ex. rhyming "pint" with "hint" or spelling "cough" as "coff"

Front 24

Define: Ideational Apraxia

Ex

Back 24

Disruption of ideas to understand the use of objects; can't perform actions even with objects

Ex. Can't brush hair when given comb.

Front 25

Define: Ideomotor Apraxia

Ex

Back 25

Problems with motor planning of volitional movements; Perform better in context and with object then without

Ex. Showing how to brushing teeth with hand. They do better when given a toothbrush

Front 26

Define: Limb Apraxia

Back 26

Pt is unable to demonstrate on command volitional movements iwth arm, wrist, and hand.

Front 27

Define: Bilingual Aphasia

Rule of Ribot vs Rule of Pitres

Back 27

Occurs when a bilingual demonstrates aphasia in both languages.

One language may exhibit characteristics of one type of aphasia and the other language may exhibit characteristics of a different type.

Rule of Ribot: first learned language is less impaired

Rule of Pitres: most frequently used language will be less impaired

Front 28

Define: Crossed aphasia

Back 28

Occurs when right-handed individual is right hemisphere dominant for language. Aphasia occurs from right hemisphere damage.

Front 29

Define Diachisis

Back 29

Occurence of non-expected neurobehavioral signs given the location of the stroke (deficits remote from-given the site of damage)

Reduction of swelling can contribute to spontaneous recovery.

Front 30

Which of these are true about Conduction aphasia?

a. they demonstrate disruption of repetition which is disproportionately severe compared to spontaneous speech ability

b. patients are usually aware of their repetition errors

c. it is an example of a disconnection syndrome

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

Back 30

D- All the above

They demonstrate disruption of repetition which is disproportionately severe compared to spontaneous speech ability; Pts are usually aware of their repetition errors; It's an example of a disconnection syndrome

Front 31

What kind of paraphasia is demonstrated when a patient names a picture of a comb as “the thing you fix your hair with”?

a. literal

b. semantic

c. verbal

d. circumlocution

e. none of the above- this is not a paraphasia

Back 31

d. circumlocution

Front 32

Which of these are not advantages of the WAB?

a. it allows in-depth analysis of lexical knowledge

b. It features the famous “Cookie Theft” picture so that other clinicians will have familiarity with this stimulus

c. it features comprehension of more complex syntax, allowing for better assessment of agrammatic patients

d. all of the above are “pluses” for the WAB

e. none of the above are true of the WAB

Back 32

D- All the above are pluses for WAB

Front 33

Name a screening test for aphasia

Back 33

Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)

Front 34

Name the theoretical view that espouses an underlying grammar deficit as the basis for Broca’s aphasia

Back 34

agrammatism - they have content words (nouns, pronouns, verbs)

Front 35

Provide a name of a type of functional
imaging

Back 35

MRI

Front 36

The type of paraphasic error which occurs when a patient produces a nonword instead of the target.

Back 36

Neologistic

Front 37

Which aphasia produces jargon, and often lacks awareness of semantic or neologistic paraphasias and they tend to continue to talk when its their turn to listen (press for speech)?

Back 37

Wernicke's

Front 38

Which aphasia's verbal expression deteriorates rapidly when repeating phrases of increasing length and complexity?

Back 38

Conduction

Front 39

Which aphasia has severe depression of language ability in all modalities but may have rote, automatic speech intact?

Back 39

Global

Front 40

What is the mildest form of aphasia?

Back 40

Anomic

Front 41

Which fluent aphasia tends to have more semantic paraphasias than phonemic paraphasias and has a disorganized semantic lexicon?

Back 41

Wernicke's

Front 42

Which non-fluent aphasia has the ability to repeat but typically has impaired writing?

Back 42

Transcortical-Motor

Front 43

Which aphasia dominant feature is agrammaticism?

Back 43

Broca's

Front 44

Which aphasia is difficult to assess for comprehension abilities d/t severe motor impairments?

Back 44

Global

Front 45

Which aphasia has difficulty with reading comprehension and output is characterized by hesitations, circumlocutions, moderate number of semantic paraphasias?

Back 45

Anomic - Comprehension generally intact however higher levels are more difficulty

Front 46

Which aphasia has better word finding abilities than sentence formation and may exhibit AOS?

Back 46

Broca's

Front 47

Which aphasia (w/ thalamic lesion) has good comprehension and fluent sematic paraphasias and neologisms?

Back 47

Subcortical Aphasia

Front 48

Which aphasia typically has echolalia?

Back 48

Transcortical-Sensory

Front 49

Posterior syndrome is much like which other syndrome?

Back 49

Wernicke's

Front 50

Which aphasia results from damage to the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus?

Back 50

Broca's (44)

Front 51

Which aphasia results from damage to the arcuate fasciculus?

Back 51

Conduction

Disconnection syndrome also results from the same region

Front 52

Which aphasia results from damage to the left posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus on the Sylvian fissure?

Back 52

Wernicke's (22)

Front 53

Which aphasia results from damage to the perisylvian area?

Back 53

Global

Called "left side blow out" cause it includes Broca's, Wernicke's and arcuate fasciculus.

Front 54

Which aphasia results from unknown sites however parietal- temporal area is associated and possibly angular gyrus?

Back 54

Anomic

Front 55

Which aphasia results from damage to the anterior superior frontal lobe?

Back 55

Transcortical-Motor

Front 56

Which aphasia results from damage to the limb of the internal capsule and putamen?

Back 56

Subcortical aphasia

Front 57

Which aphasia is thought to occur when Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the arcuate fasciculus are undamaged but are cut off from the rest of the brain by infarcted tissue?

Back 57

Transcortical Sensory

Front 58

Limb Apraxia

Back 58

Difficulty with VOLITIONAL or SEQUENTIAL movement

Front 59

Kinetic apraxia

Back 59

Struggle-filled, groping movement

Front 60

Ideomotor Apraxia

Back 60

Perform better if using ACTUAL OBJECT

Front 61

Ideational Apraxia

Back 61

Actions are slow and disorganized