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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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syntax
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pertains to the grammatical structure of sentences
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lexicon
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words available in any language to denote a particular meaning
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morphology of words
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concerns how speech sounds (phonemes) are combined to form morphemes- the base unit for the unique structure of a word. morpheme-smallest grammatical unit in language, not necessarily a word (un-). Some or all aspects can be impaired.
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% of L language dominant persons by handedness
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almost all R handers, and >2/3 of L handers. remaining L handers develop aphasia for lesions in either hemisphere
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Broca's
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-prod, + comp, -rep, impaired naming. broca's area (L f operculum) causes transient disruption, persistent defs from larger L FL lesion. agrammaticism, nouns easier than verbs, telegraphic. naming deficit varies by grammatical category (impaired verb retrieval). BA 44 and 45. usu accompanied by R motor weakness in arm and leg
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wernicke's
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+prod, -comp, -rep, -naming (severe anomia); large perisylvian lesions encompassing wernicke's area and extending superiorly into inf Parietal region. semantic, phonemic (transposed phonemes) paraphasias, neologisms. BA22, absent motor signs
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anomic aphasia
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+prod, +comp, +rep, impaired naming; acute lesion outside perisylvian zone (angular gyrus or inf temp region); chronic- perisylvian area, post temp region
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conduction aphasia
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+prod but w/ paraphasia, ok comp (decreased complex syntax), -rep is hallmark, -naming (always impaired), phonemic paraphasia; posterior perisylvian region affecting supramarginal gyrus in PL w/ or w/o extension into WM, auditory cortex (BA41 and 42), the insula and underlying WM, most of BA22 is spared. and arcuate fasciculus, mb right facial weakness but no motor otherwise.
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transcortical sensory aphasia (TcSA)
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fluent, +prod but w/ semantic paraphasia and fluent but scant w/ anomia, -comp (significantly impaired), +rep, naming severely impaired; extrasylvian region involving POT junction, posterior and deep to wernicke's; sensory info does not reach language areas. unlike wernicke's rep is preserved.
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global aphasia
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almost complete loss of comprehension and formulation of speech. some preservation of expletives and nondeliberate speech, automatozed sequences/songs. usu accompanied by r facial weakness and hemiplegia. usu large infarct in MCA impacting broca's, BG, insula, auditory cortices, posterior lang region. if no hemiplegia, aphasia may be more transient- damage usu from embolic stroke preserving several motor, sensory and lang-related structures.
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transcortical motor aphasia
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nonfluent, simple aud comp ok, rep is preserved.
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