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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the effort to transfer responsibility for many public programs and services from the federal government to the states
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devolution
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money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by Washington
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block grants
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the doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution
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nullification
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state power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals
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police power
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process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot
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initiative
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procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature
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referendum
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procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office
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recall
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money given by the national government to the states
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grants-in-aid
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federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport
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categorical grants
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federal sharing of a fixed percentage of its revenue with the states
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revenue sharing
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terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds
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conditions of aid
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terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants
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mandates
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What is the single most persistent issue of the Constitution?
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National powers vs. State powers
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What is the solution to the fact that the federal government can’t spend money on local institutions?
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The federal government pays the states to enact programs.
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Why is the solution to spending money so attractive to state governments?
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The money is there for the taking, income tax brings in more money without a place to go, the money is managed for them, and in a sense it’s “free” money.
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What is the drawback to giving the states the solution?
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It’s hard for the federal government to keep track of where all the money is spent and if one state gets something, all the other states want it too, even though it’s almost useless for them.
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Why does the federal government favor categorical grants?
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The purposes are narrow so it’s hard to get this kind of grant, therefore it’s highly competed for because it’s so scarce. The federal government likes this grant because they get more control over where the money is spent.
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How is the money for grants distributed throughout the states?
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They are distributed by population.
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What is the problem with mandates?
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Mandates are difficult to interpret and when they were first made there was no precedent that said how they were supposed to be carried out, as a result there are a ton of loopholes and they make it difficult to borrow money or privatize in the state government.
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How long is trade interstate and when does it become intrastate?
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This case got abandoned because the rulings constantly shifted over this issue and all dealings were handed over to federal government.
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Which takes precedence? The city or the state in terms of law.
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State
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What was the problem with grant-in-aids?
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The problem is that the states have too much money for checks as to where it goes and as a result the federal government can’t trace the money.
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How did President Reagan solve the problem with grant-in-aids?
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Reagan turned the tax money over to private businesses (to keep track of) so there was more money and less taxes.
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What can grants-in-aids be used for?
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They can only be used for education, check safety, environmental issues, and for neighbors
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What can categorical grants be used for?
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A categorical grant is a federal grant for specific purposes, such as building an airport. It pays up to 90% of building cost.
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