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20 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

What are risk factors for osteoporosis?

Risk factors for osteoporosis are early menopause, glucocorticoid therapy, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, anticonvulsant therapy, vitamin D deficiency, family history of early or severe osteoporosis, or chronic liver or renal disease

When do you start bone density screenings?

Bone density screening is recommended for women beginning at age 65 unless they have pre-existing risk factors which warrant earlier screening

Which vaccines are contraindicated if there is a chance of pregnancy?

Pregnancy, or the possibility of pregnancy, within four weeks is a contraindication to the MMR and varicella vaccinations.

Which vaccinations are not CI in pregnant women?

Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Polio and Pneumococcal vaccinations would not be contraindicated.

velvety hyperpigmented skin on back of neck and underneath the arms in a 28 year old 5'2" 180#. What are you thinking you want to screen for?

DM-- acanthosis nigricans associated with insulin resistance

Folic acid supplementation benefits

reduces homocysteine levels: which reduces arteriosclerosis and stroke risk


prevents neural tube defects

what is adequate folate supplementation dosages?

400 mcg supplemental daily

mammography recommended for who?

ACOG recommends that women aged 40 years and older be offered screening mammography annually. Ultrasonography is an established adjunct to mammography.

what are the failure rates of


Depo provera?


IUD


implanon


OCP


diaphgram with spermacide


condom

Condom has a failure rate of 12%


IUD, sterilization, implanon, depo provera have pregnancy rates of <1%


8% women have unintended preg after one year of typical use with the nuva ring


diaphragm with spermacide have highest failure rates 18% with typical use

anemia in pregnant lady


MCV normal



hemodilution of pregnancy


There is normally a 36% increase in maternal blood volume; the maximum is reached around 34 weeks. The plasma volume increases 47% and the RBC mass increases only 17%. This relative dilutional effect lowers the hemoglobin, but causes no change in the MCV

folate deficiency presents as what sort of anemia

macrocytic megaloblastic anemia

iron deficiency and thalassemias

microcytic anemias

What are classic signs of PE?

tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxia, chest pain, signs of a DVT





mitral stenosis symptoms

diastolic murmur with signs of heart faiulre

peripartum cardiomyopathy

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an idiopathic cardiomyopathy that presents with heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic function towards the end of pregnancy or in the several months following delivery. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, and edema.

pH 7.44 (7.36 – 7.44); PO2 103 mm Hg (>100), PCO2 26 mm Hg (28 – 32), HCO3 19 mm Hg (22 – 26).




patient c/o of cough and whitish sputum for last three days. everyone in family is sick. fever+ 102, WBC WNL. she's pregnant

she has respiratory alkalosis because of more basic pH wiht lower CO2 (she is breathing out her CO2). It's compensated because her HCO3 is decreased to try balance her pH

normal physiologic changes to respiratory system in pregnancy

Inspiratory capacity increases by 15% during the third trimester because of increases in tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. The respiratory rate does not change during pregnancy, but the TV is increased which increases the minute ventilation, which is responsible for the respiratory alkalosis in pregnancy. Functional residual capacity is reduced to 80% of the non-pregnant volume by term. These combined lead to subjective shortness of breath during pregnancy.




Inspiratory Capacity (IC)increasedTidal volume (TV)increasedMinute ventilationincreasedFunctional reserve capacity (FRC)decreasedExpiratory reserve capacity (ERC)decreasedResidual volume (RV)decreased



what are common causes of acute pulmonary edema?

Common causes of acute pulmonary edema in pregnancy include tocolytic use, cardiac disease, fluid overload and preeclampsia

discrepancy between patient's gestational age


LMP and physical exam findings don't match , what do you do

The patient’s gestational age based on her LMP and the findings on physical exam are discordant. In this case, the most reliable method of confirming gestational age is a dating ultrasound. A quantitative Beta-hCG will not reliably predict the gestational age. The uterine size on physical exam is not the most accurate way to date a pregnancy. An ultrasound performed between 14 and 20 weeks gestation should be used to date the pregnancy if there is greater than a 10 day discrepancy from the menstrual dates. First trimester ultrasound provides the most accurate assessment of gestational age and can give an accurate estimated date of confinement (EDC) to within 3-5 days.

what's the difference between braxton hicks contractions and reuglar contractions of the beginning of labor?

Braxton Hicks contractions are characterized as short in duration, less intense than true labor, and the discomfort as being in the lower abdomen and groin areas. True labor is defined by strong, regular uterine contractions that result in progressive cervical dilation and effacement. This patient’s history does not suggest she is in the first stage of labor