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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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succession
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gradual change in species composition of a given area
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primary succession
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gradual esrablishment of a species in a lifeless area
Ex. Bare rock; crystallized lava; abandoned highway, parking lot |
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pioneer species
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first species to colonize
(usually lichens) |
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seconary succession
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an established community is disturbed, removed, or destroyed but some soil/ sediment remains and there is a gradual development of species in that area again.
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disturbance
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change in conditions that disrupts a community
(can cause succession) Ex. Forest clearing, crop harvesting, fire, drought, floods |
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climax community
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old, mature, stable community
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facillitation
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one species makes thr area suitable for others
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inhibition
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early species hinder the establishment of others
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tolerance
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late successional plants are largely unaffected by plants in the eariler stages
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inertia/persistence
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ability to resist being disturbed
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constancy
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ability to keep within limits due to available resources
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resilience
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ability to bounce back
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competition
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takes place when individuals attempt to use the same resources
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interspecific
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between species
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intraspecific
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within a species
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interference
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involves physical fight
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exploitative
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involves use of resources
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resource partitioning
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avoiding or reducing competition for resources by using the shared resources at different times, in different ways, at different places
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predator/ prey
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plays a role in evolution through natural selection; helps to promote successful traits
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symbiosis
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long term association/relationship between two different species
Ex. Parasitism, mutualism, commensalism |
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parasitism
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one species is hurt, other is helped
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mutualism
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both species are helped
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commensalism
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one species is helped, the other doesn't care
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native
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evolved within the ecosystem. plays a role in how the system fuctions
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non-native/ invasive/ alien
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did not evolve within the ecosystem. brought intentionally or accidentally; killing ecosystems
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indicator
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indicates that something is disrupting the ecosysyem
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keystone
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plays a vital role in the function/survival in the ecosystem
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foundation
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provides the foundation for a habitat
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generalist
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thrive in a wide variety of conditions and uses a wide variety of resources
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specialist
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can only survive in a narrow range of conditions
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endangered
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in danger of going extinct
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threatened
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in danger of becoming endangered
Ex. grizzly bears, polar bears |
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extinct-local
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extinct from an area
Ex. wolves in Yellowstone |
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extinct-ecological
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the population is so low that the species no longer fulfills its role in the ecosystem
Ex. Wolves in Yellowstone |
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extinct- biological
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gone-forever
Ex. Western black rhino |
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CITES
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(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)
about 175 nations working together to protect species from going extinct; regulates endangered species trade; monitors threatned species trade; enacted in 1973; USFWS |
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lacey act (senator John Lacey)
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enacted in 1900 ( William McKinkey); orginally prohibed state trade of birds w/o permit; today prohibs spread of invasive species; enforcement: USFWS
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Migratory Bird Act
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enacted in 1918, protects birds that migrate between US, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia; enforcement: USFWS
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endangered species act
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enacted in 1973 (Richard Nixon); defines species as in danger of extinction; protects critical habitat and makes recovery plan; USFWS; enforces CITES
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USFWS
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US Fish and Wildlife Service
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eminent domain
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owner forced to sell property for public good- compensated fair market value
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regulatory management of property
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owners keep property but are not allowed to use it or develop it if it is endangered species habitat, no compensation, can decrease property value
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