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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a living thing called? |
An organism |
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What can a species do? |
Breed and produce a fertile offspring |
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A population is a group of the same species where? |
In a given area |
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What is known as you different populations in a given are? |
Community |
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What is knowns as all parts of Earth that support life? |
Biosphere |
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What does the law of matter state? |
It’s states that matter can not be created or destroyed only transformed |
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Depending on what is how we tell if matter is high or low quality? |
Depending on how useful it is |
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High quality is in what form? |
Solid |
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Low quality is in what form of matter?? |
Gas |
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Why is matter in Earth a closed system? |
Because it always cycles into another state it never leaves |
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What is a set of components that fucntion and interact? |
A System |
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What are the three key components? |
Input from the environment. Flow or thruput and output to the environment |
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What is is when output is let back into the system as input and leads to change? |
Feedback loop |
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What is change that occurs further in same direction? |
Positive feedback (not always good though) |
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What are some examples of Positive Feedback? |
Climate change, ice melts, water evaporates and greenhouse gasses |
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What is change that occurs system to change in opposite direction? |
Negative feedback |
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How much of the human body is made up of this and what is this thing it’s made of? |
96% and CHONPS |
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Through which cycles does matter cycle through the ecosystem? |
Carbon, nitrogen, water, phosphorus and sulfur |
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What is the chemical compound for nitrate? |
NO3- |
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What is the chemical compound for Nitrite? |
NO2- |
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What’s the chemical compound for Ammonium? |
NH4+ |
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What’s the chemical compound for Ammonia? |
Nh4 |
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What’s the chemical compound for sulfate? |
SO4- |
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What’s the chemical compound for sulfite? |
SO3- |
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What’s the chemical compound for phosphate? |
PO4- |
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The water cycle is also known as what? |
The hydrologic cycle |
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Where does water travel through? |
The biosphere Into the atmosphere |
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What the change of state called from liquid to gas? |
Evaporation |
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Where can evaporation occur from? |
Puddles and surface water |
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Where does transcription occur? |
From the leaves of trees |
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What is a change from gas to Liu quid? |
Condensation |
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What are the different types of ways in which precipitation can occur? |
Rain, snow, sleet and hail |
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What is occurring when water goes into the ground and through the soil? |
Infiltration |
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When is travels through the rocks? |
Percolation |
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What is it known when it goes into a large body of water such as lakes and oceans? |
Runoff |
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What is runoff that occurs after precipitation known as? |
Surface runoff |
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What does the carbon cycle mainly cycle as? And through where? |
CO2 and through the biosphere |
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How is carbon released into the atmosphere? |
Volcanoes, burning of fossil fuels, organic matter, decay of organisms, respiration and through oceans |
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What two things can atmospheric carbon enter? |
Oceans and plants |
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When CO2 dissolves into oceans what does it react with? And what does it form? |
It reacts with Calcium (Ca2)and produces Calcium Carbonate (CaCo3). |
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What does the calcium make after? |
Shells, bones and limestones |
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What happens to carbon during this part of the cycle of being in the water? |
It gets trapped |
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Another way carbon enters the biosphere is through the plants which through a process known as what? |
Photosynthesis |
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What is the chemical formula for photosynethis? |
6CO2+6H2O = C6H12O6+6O28 |
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How does the food chain begin? |
By animal eating plants |
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How do animals return CO2 to the carbon cycle? |
When animals die they excrete waste or when they die decomposers return it |
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What are the reactants and Products of Nitrogen Fixation? |
Reactant: N2 Nitrogen Products: Ammonia NH3 Ammonium: NH4 |
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What are the organisms in nitrogen Fixation? |
Cyanobacteria in oceans and Rhizobium bacteria in root muddled of legume plants |
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What are the reactants and Products of nitrification? |
Reactants: NH4 Ammonium Products : Nitrate NO3- Nitrite NO2- |
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Through what organism is nitrification? |
Bacteria |
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Nitrates and nitrites can transform in what two ways? |
Assimilation or Denitrification |
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In assimilation plants convert what to what? |
They convert Nitrates (NO3-) and Nitrites (NO2-) into rich organic compounds like DNA, RNA, and proteins |
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In Denitrification bacteria converts Nitrate (NO3-) and Nitrite (NO2) back into what? |
Nitrogen gas (N2) |
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In ammonification what organism is used and what does it do? |
Decomposers and they break down Nitrogen rich organic compounds (DNA, RNA and proteins) yin living things into Ammonia and Ammonium. |
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The phosphorus cycle mainly travels as what? |
Phosphate (PO4) |
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Where is the phosphorus mainly found in? |
Geosphere |
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Where does the phosphorous cycle not travel through? |
Atmosphere |
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How does phosphate come out of the rocks and into the soil? |
Through weathering which is the breakdown of rock through wind and water |
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It’s is the taken in by plants causing what? |
The food chain to begin |
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How is phosphate returned back into the soil after? |
Through decomposition once the organism dies |
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What are three ways that’s sulfur enters the atmosphere? |
1.burning of fossil fuels 2. Volcanoes 3. Bio mass burning |
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What does the sulfur cycle mainly cycle as? And through where? |
Sulfate (SO4-) and through geosphere |
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When the S compound enters the atmosphere it reacts with what? And forms what? |
Reacts with O2 and to form SO4 sulfate |
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What is the first law of thermodynamics? |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transformed. |
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What is the second law? And what occurs |
In every energy transformation...Heat flows from hot to cold, as system looses useful energy entropy occurs and ebergy it gives off heat lost as heat. |
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What type of system is energy in the ecosystem? |
It is an open system |
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What are the two type of energy? |
Potential and kinetic |
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What are the six forms of energy? |
Chemical (glucose, stored food, fossil),solar, mechanical, nuclear, heat and electrical |
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What are autotrophs? |
Producers which make their own food |
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What are two types of producers? |
Plants and bacteria |
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Through what process do plants make their own food? Bacteria? |
Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis |
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What are heterotrophs? |
They are consumers they feed off other organisms |
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Who are the primary consumers? |
Herbivores they eat plants and producers |
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Secondary consumers also known as what? |
Tertiary, quart, consumers |
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What do primary carnivores eat? |
Meat |
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What is an example of a secondary primary consumer? |
Fox eating a rabbit |
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What is the name for those that eat remains? |
Scavengers |
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What eats both plants and animals? |
Omnivores |
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What are the two consumers that break down waste and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem? |
Decomposers and detrivores |
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What is the food chain? |
A series of energy transformation |
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I every energy transformation in the energy pyramid how much is lost? How much is passed? |
90% is lost as heat and 10% is passed |
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Burning of fossil fuels will release what into the atmosphere? |
nitrogen , carbon and sulfur compounds |
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Who is at the bottom of the pyramid? |
Plants, producers with 1000 of energy |
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Second to last are whom? |
Primary consumers, herbivores with 100 of energy like grasshoppers and nice |
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Next are whom? |
Seconday consumers, primary carnivores like cats and frogs with 10 of energy |
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At the top of the pyramid are who? |
Second carnivore and 3rd consumers. Snakes and foxes, tertiary consienta with 1 unit of energy |
