Apes Fall Final Review

Front 1

What is the goal of ecology?

Back 1

To learn about connections in nature

Front 2

All of the following are examples of kinetic energy except...

Back 2

A stick of dynamite

Front 3

A new kitten is added to a home with an established older cat. You observe the older cat hiss and swat at the younger kitten in the kitchen where they are fed. This behavior is best described as

Back 3

interference competition

Front 4

Out on a fishing boat, a sword fish is caught. You would most likely classify this species as a member of the

Back 4

nekton

Front 5

Ecology is the study of

Back 5

relationships between organisms and their environment

Front 6

Root causes of environmental problems include

Back 6

rapid population growth

Front 7

According to biologist E.O. Wilson, most people feel a sense of affinity toward the natural world that he calls

Back 7

biophilia

Front 8

The two most important factors determining the climate of an area are

Back 8

temperature and precipitation

Front 9

Nonpoint sources of pollution include all of the following except

Back 9

a smokestack from a power plant

Front 10

Which of the following is a specialist?

Back 10

giant panda

Front 11

An environmentally sustainable society

Back 11

all of these answers

Front 12

In a 1998 survey, 70% of the biologists polled believe

Back 12

we are in the midst of a mass extinction and that this loss of species will pose a major threat to human existence in the next century

Front 13

If there are 100 million different species, the background rate of extinction is about _____ species per year

Back 13

30

Front 14

The hydrologic cycle is driven primarily by

Back 14

solar energy and gravity

Front 15

Which of the following is an example of low-quality energy?

Back 15

heat in the ocean

Front 16

Which of the following is true?

Back 16

The most common element in the center of the earth's core is iron.

Front 17

Most of the wetlands that are lost are used for

Back 17

agriculture

Front 18

A shark is least likely to be killed

Back 18

by a predator

Front 19

Compared to conventional tillage, conservation tillage

Back 19

reduces fuel and tillage costs

Front 20

Carrying capacity refers to

Back 20

the maximum size of population the environment will support

Front 21

A high-throughput economy sustains economic growth by

Back 21

maximizing the rate of energy and matter resource use

Front 22

All of the following are considered to be cultural hazards except

Back 22

drought

Front 23

Which of the following statements is false?

Back 23

Inorganic nutrients such as fertilizers have no adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems

Front 24

All of the following probably characterized the first agricultural communities except

Back 24

specialized farming of one crop

Front 25

The basic unit of life is the

Back 25

cell

Front 26

On the outskirts of a municipality lies a forest on public property. A person applying the precautionary principle might suggest

Back 26

harvesting trees below their estimated sustainable yield

Front 27

Autotrophs

Back 27

can live without heterotrophs

Front 28

Which of the following terms best describes the type of population change you would expect to find for a monkey in an undisturbed section of the Brazilian rain forest?

Back 28

stable

Front 29

The greatest source of water pollution in terms of total mass is

Back 29

sediments

Front 30

Matter is anything that

Back 30

has mass and occupies space

Front 31

Aquatic life zones are the aquatic equivalent of

Back 31

biomes

Front 32

All of the following are abiotic factors except

Back 32

bacteria

Front 33

If the world's population grew by 2% in 1998 and continued at that rate, how long would it take Earth's population to double?

Back 33

35 years

Front 34

Which of the following best describes the survivorship curve you would expect to find for a fish?

Back 34

early loss

Front 35

The size of the Earth

Back 35

has enough mass to gravitationally attract the atmosphere

Front 36

Which of the following types of radiation is most penetrating?

Back 36

gamma

Front 37

Upwellings characteristically occur

Back 37

on steep western sides of continents

Front 38

Dose-response curves

Back 38

show the effects of various doses of toxic agents on a group of test organisms

Front 39

Animal testing

Back 39

extrapolates from test animals to humans

Front 40

The form of nitrogen most usable to plants is

Back 40

nitrates

Front 41

Which of the following substances are removed to the greatest extent by combined primary and secondary water treatment?

Back 41

organic oxygen-demanding wastes

Front 42

Ecosystem services include

Back 42

all of these answers

Front 43

The only effective way to protect groundwater is to

Back 43

prevent contamination

Front 44

Over the course of time, the change in the gene pool of one species may lead to the change of the gene pool of another species. This process is called

Back 44

coevolution

Front 45

Tectonic plates move in opposite but parallel directions along a fault at a(n)

Back 45

transform fault

Front 46

Which of the following ecosystems has the highest average net primary productivity?

Back 46

swamps and marshes

Front 47

Computer models suggest that adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere could

Back 47

raise sea level

Front 48

Life on earth depends on interaction of gravity and

Back 48

one-way flow of energy

Front 49

Since Europeans first settles in North America, ___% of the tall-grass prairies in the United States have been destroyed

Back 49

98

Front 50

Which of the following is a nonpoint source of water pollution?

Back 50

logged forest

Front 51

Which of the following are a point source of water pollution?

Back 51

offshore oil wells

Front 52

The phosphorous cycle is an example of a(n)

Back 52

sedimentary cycle

Front 53

Vectors are

Back 53

agents of disease transmission

Front 54

A threshold dose-response model

Back 54

implies there is a dose below which no detectable harmful effects occur

Front 55

The lithosphere is made of

Back 55

crust and upper mantle

Front 56

A relationship in which both species benefit is best labeled

Back 56

mutualism

Front 57

The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy occurs in

Back 57

photosynthesis

Front 58

Earth is essentially a closed system for

Back 58

matter

Front 59

In terms of biodiversity, the tropical rain forest is to land environments as ____ is to water environments

Back 59

the coral reef

Front 60

The zones that compose a mature soil are known as

Back 60

horizons

Front 61

Fossil fuels and minerals are found in the

Back 61

lithosphere

Front 62

The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is

Back 62

climate

Front 63

Desert ecosystems are threatened least by

Back 63

a nomadic lifestyle

Front 64

To which of the following cycles is guano an important component?

Back 64

phosphorous

Front 65

Sea otters, dung beetles, and gopher tortoises are generally considered to be

Back 65

keystone species

Front 66

A population will increase if

Back 66

the biotic potential increases

Front 67

You glance up at the sky and observe a giant thunderhead. You predict the arrival of a

Back 67

cold front

Front 68

Identification and listing of endangered species is done by the

Back 68

Fish and Wildlife Service

Front 69

Which of the following would be representative of an environmental wisdom worldview?

Back 69

Energy and materials efficiency must continually be improved

Front 70

Which of the following statements is false?

Back 70

Air at the lower latitudes tends to cool and fall or sink downward

Front 71

The introduction of nonnative species often results in unforeseen consequences. This experience indicates that when introducing nonnative species, we would be well-advised to apply the

Back 71

precautionary principle

Front 72

The Agricultural Revolution is characterized by all of the following except increased

Back 72

respect for the environment

Front 73

When natural selection results in a shift toward the average of a range of genetic expressions for a particular trait, an evolutionary biologist would credit

Back 73

stabilizing natural selection

Front 74

In forests maintained by intermittent fires

Back 74

some species release seeds only after exposure to intense heat

Front 75

Theodore Roosevelt established the

Back 75

first federal wildlife refuge

Front 76

Which of the following sources of iron would be of the highest quality?

Back 76

a large, scrap metal junkyard

Front 77

Which of the following is the source of most nonrenewable resources we use?

Back 77

crust

Front 78

How long does it take natural processes to produce fertile soil?

Back 78

several centuries to several thousands of years

Front 79

The sun is composed primarily of

Back 79

hydrogen

Front 80

Which president appointed industrialists [...] energy sources?

Back 80

Reagan

Front 81

Which of the following statements is false?

Back 81

Interspecific competition is competition between two members of the same species

Front 82

An ecological niche includes all of the following except

Back 82

the location where a species lives

Front 83

The leading nonpoint source of water pollution is

Back 83

agriculture

Front 84

The energy of the sun is primarily

Back 84

nuclear fusion

Front 85

Earth's supply of concentrated, usable energy is being steadily

Back 85

depleted

Front 86

The whooping crane is vulnerable to extinction because of

Back 86

its low reproduction rate

Front 87

Which of the following statements is false?

Back 87

Rivers are more vulnerable than lakes to contamination by plant nutrients, oil, toxins, and pesticides

Front 88

A rain shadow is most likely to be produced by a

Back 88

mountain

Front 89

If you eat cashews, avocados, or bananas, you can thank a

Back 89

bat

Front 90

All organic compounds are characterized by the presence of

Back 90

carbon

Front 91

Natural capital includes all of the following except

Back 91

sunlight

Front 92

A relationship in which a member of one species obtains its nourishment by living on, in, or near a member of another species over an extended time is best labeled

Back 92

parasitism

Front 93

EPA science advisers consider all of the following to be high-risk ecological problems except

Back 93

groundwater pollution

Front 94

Of the following human activities, the one which probably contributes least to soil erosion is

Back 94

sustainable agriculture

Front 95

Heat, inorganic wastes, and inorganic plant nutrients may all deplete dissolved ___ from water

Back 95

oxygen

Front 96

The nitrogen cycle is an example of a(n)

Back 96

atmospheric cycle

Front 97

The Agricultural Revolution is characterized by

Back 97

cultivating wild plants

Front 98

The Industrial Revolution is characterized by all of the following except increased

Back 98

social concern for workers

Front 99

You are a field ecologist. In an ecosystem under study [...] Which stage of succession are you most likely to report for this ecosystem?

Back 99

mature

Front 100

The major plant nutrient most likely to be a limiting factor is

Back 100

phosphorous

Front 101

Biodiversity emerges from

Back 101

all of these answers

Front 102

All of the following characteristics would make a species more prone to extinction except

Back 102

small body size

Front 103

K-strategists

Back 103

are generally less adaptable to change than r-strategists

Front 104

Based on the theory of island biogeography, you would predict that large islands near the mainland would have relatively

Back 104

high immigration and low extinction rates

Front 105

Organisms that complete the final breakdown and recycling of organic materials from the remains or wastes of all organisms are called

Back 105

decomposers

Front 106

An endangered species is any species that can

Back 106

soon become extinct in all or part of its range

Front 107

Which of the following is false?

Back 107

The amount of oxygen in rivers increases as the water's temperature rises.

Front 108

Which of the following is false? Habitat islands

Back 108

are wildlife preserves set aside to sustain endangered species

Front 109

A mature ___ has the greatest species diversity of all terrestrial biomes

Back 109

tropical rain forest

Front 110

Estuaries and coastal wetlands are important for all of the following reasons except

Back 110

providing coral for limestone production and the tourist trade

Front 111

The following choices lists levels of organization of matter that claim the attention of ecologists. Which correctly lists these levels in sequence from narrower to broader focus?

Back 111

organisms-pops-communities-ecosystems-ecospheres

Front 112

Hydrothermal vents with chemosynthetic-based communities are characteristic of the

Back 112

abyssal zone

Front 113

If you were to make a census in a temperate deciduous forest in the US, the most likely dominant mammal species would be

Back 113

deer

Front 114

Aerobic respiration requires

Back 114

glucose and oxygen

Front 115

The immediate effects of a natural disturbance include

Back 115

changing conditions and releasing resources

Front 116

Large ecological regions with characteristic types of natural vegetation are called

Back 116

biomes

Front 117

The type of model most useful in helping us to perceive and predict events in the environmental arena is a

Back 117

mathematical model