Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1. horizons
|
the process of soil vertical gradient layers that are often quite distinct.
|
|
|
2. soil profile
|
A vertical slice through the different horizons
|
|
|
3. o horizon
|
The topmost layer the consists of dead organic matter deposited by plants: EX leaves, stems, fruits, seeds, and so forth.
|
|
|
5. a horizon
|
The next level after O horizon a mixture of soil from below and humus from above.
|
|
|
6. top soil
|
the a horizon fine roots from the overlying vegetation cover permeate this layer.
|
|
|
7. e horizon
|
next layer stands for eluviation the process of leaching of many minerals due to the downward movement of water.
|
|
|
9. b horizon
|
below the e horizon characterized by the deposition of minerals that have leached from A and E horizons so it is often high in iron,aluminum, calcium and other minerals.
|
|
|
10. subsoil
|
The B horizon which is often high in clay and its reddish/yellowish color.
|
|
|
11. c horizon
|
Below the b horizon occupying the site representing weathered rock glacial deposits or volcanic ash and usually revealing the geological process that created the landscape
|
|
|
15. soil texture
|
The relative size of the mineral particles stuck together to form clumps and aggregates generally with considerable air spaces in between.
|
|
|
18. soil fertility
|
The soils ability to support plant growth, often refers specifically to the presence of the proper amount of nutrients.
|
|
|
19. weathering
|
The gradual breakdown of rock into into smaller and smaller particles caused by natural chemical, physical, and biological factors.
|
|
|
20. leaching
|
Nutrients may literally be washed from the soil as water moves through it.
|
|
|
21. nutrient-holding or ion-exchange capacity
|
Consequently the soils capacity to bind and hold nutrient ions until they are absorbed by the roots is just as important as the initial supply of those ions.
|
|
|
22. fertilizer
|
In agricultural systems there is an unavoidable removal of nutrients from the soil with each crop because nutrients are absorbed by plants are contained into harvested material.
|
|
|
23. organic fertilizer
|
Includes plant or animal wastes or both;manure and compost are two examples.
|
|
|
24. inorganic fertilizer
|
Are chemical formulations of required nutrients without any organic matter included.
|
|
|
27. water holding capacity
|
Second is the soil's ability to hold water after it infiltrates
|
|
|
28. evaporative water loss
|
This kind of evaporation depletes the soil's water reservoir without serving the need of plants
|
|
|
29. soil aeration\
|
Land plants depend on the soil being loose and porous enough to allow the diffusion of oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the soil
|
|
|
30. compaction
|
Packing of the soil which occurs with excessive foot or vehicular traffic
|
|
|
31. pH
|
Refers to the acidity or alkalinity of any solution
|
|
|
37. erosion
|
the process of soil and humus particles being picked up and carried away by water or wind
|
|
|
42. desertification
|
The formation and expansion of the grated areas of soil in vegetation cover in arid semi-arid and seasonally dry areas
|
|
|
48. overgrazing
|
as grass production fails to keep up with consumption the land becomes barren when did water erosion follows and soil becomes degraded
|
|
|
49. deforestation
|
the process of removing trees and other vegetation covering the soil leading to erosion and loss of soil fertility
|
|
|
53. salinization
|
The process whereby soil become salty and saltier or until finally the salt prevents the growth of plants
|
|
|
43. overcultivation
|
The practice of repeated cultivation and growing of crops more rapidly than the soil can regenerate leading to a decline in soil quality and productivity
|
