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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 principles of sustainability?
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1. reliance on solar energy
2. nutrien recylcing 3. population control 4. biodiversity |
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What is a human population impact on terrestrial biodiversity
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size and resource use
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what is a human activity impact on terrestial biodiversity
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agriculture, indstury, economic production and consumption
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what are direct effects of human impacts on terrestial biodversity
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1) degradation and destruction of natural ecosystems
2) pollution of air, water and soil 3) changes in the number odistribution of species 4) alteration of natural chemical cycles and energy flows |
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What are indirect effects of human impacts on terrestial biodiversity?
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1) climate change
2) loss of biodiversity |
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how much of the earths land surface is being disturbed
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83 percent
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how many of new forests are gone or being logged
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95
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how many tall grass prairsies disappeared
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98 percent
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what is the goal and strategy of the ecosystem approach?
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goal: protect natural habitats
strategy: preserve sufficent ares of ahbitats |
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what is the goal and stategy of the species approach?
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goal: protect species
2) ID endangered species and protect species habitats |
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what are some tactics for the ecosystem approach?
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--protect habitat areas through private purchase or government action
--control nonnative species --protect and sustain native pscies -restore degraded ecosystems |
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what are some tactics for the species approach?
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--legally protect endangered species
-manage habitat -breed endangeed species in captivity -reintroduce species into sutiable habitats |
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what are some examples of natural capital
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air--air purification
sil--soil renewal / nutrient reclycling water--water storage, water purification |
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what are 3 ecological and 3 economic services of the forest
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1) reduce soil erosion
2) purify water and air 3) influence local and regional climate 1) lumber 2) jobs 3) recreation |
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what is an old growth forest?
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an uncut or regenrate dforest htat has not been seriously distrued for seeral hundred years
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what are 2 facts about old-growth forests
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22% of the world's forest
and hosts many species with specialized niches |
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what are second growth forests
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a stand of trees resulting from natual secondary succession
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what are tree planation
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planted stands of a particular tree spices
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what are 3 effects of deforestation on natural capital
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---accerlation of flooding
--release of c02 into the atmosphere ---regional climate change from extensive clearing |
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what is selective cutting
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trees can be harvest individualy from diverse forests
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what is clear cutting
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entire forests can be cut down
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what is strip cutting
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when portions of the forest is harvested
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what are 3 solutions for sustainable forestry
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--identify and protect forest areas high in iodvierstiy
--shift governemnt subsidies from harvesting trees to planting trees --cease logging of old-growth forests stop clear cuttong on steep slopes |
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what are some ways to reduce fire damage
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1. set controlled surface fires
2. allow fires to burn on public lands if they don't threaten life / property 3.clear small areas around prperoty subject to fire |
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what are 3 advantages to logging in national forests
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--promotes economic growth
---provides jobs --helps meet countrys timber needs and isr renewable |
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what are 3 disadvantages of logging
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--provies only 4% of timber needs
---damages nearby rivers and fisheries ---recreation provides more local jobs and income for local communities than logging |
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what is a promising plant for paper production
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kenaf
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how can tree harvesting be reduced
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by wasting less wood and making paper and charcoal fuel from fibers that do not come from tres
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what would happen if timber was sold by developing countries
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it would decrease the need for US timber which could help biodiveristy in the US by decreating logging
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