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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Population |
Group of same species inhabiting an area |
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Natality |
# of individuals added to the pop via reproduction over a time period |
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Birthrate |
# of individuals born per 1000 individuals per year |
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Mortality |
# of deaths in a pop over a time period |
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Death rate |
# of individuals who die per 1000 individuals per year |
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Population growth rate |
Birthrate - death rate |
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Sex ratio |
Relative # of males and females |
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Population density |
# of organisms per unit area |
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Dispersal |
Organism movement from densely populated areas to new areas |
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Emigration |
Migration from a population |
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Immigration |
Migration to a population |
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Biotic potential |
Biological capacity to produce offspring |
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Lag phase |
Pop grows slowly due to few births |
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Exponential growth (log) phase |
Many organisms are reproducing so pop explodes |
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Deceleration phase |
Pop slows as birthrate and death rate equalize |
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Stable equilibrium phase |
Pop stops growing since birthrate and death rate are equal |
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Limiting factors |
Factors that prevent unlimited pop growth |
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Environmental resistance |
All the different limiting factors that act on a pop |
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Extrinsic limiting factors |
Happen from outside the pop (predators, weather) |
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Intrinsic limiting factors |
Happen within the pop (behavior change) |
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Density-dependent limiting factors |
Become more effective as pop increases (larger pop, more predator success) |
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Density-independent limiting factors |
Influences unrelated to pop density (natural disasters) |
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Death phase |
Decline in pop size due to accumulation of waste products |
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Carrying capacity |
Max sustainable pop for an area |
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Demography |
Study of human pops, their characteristics, how these characteristics affect growth, and the consequences of that growth |
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Total fertility rate |
# of children born per woman in her lifetime |
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Replacement fertility |
2.1; children replace parents |
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Zero population growth |
# of births = # of deaths |
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Standard of living |
Quantifies the quality of life of people |
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Gross national income (GNI) |
Measures total goods/services produced within a country as well as income earned by citizens of the country who are living elsewhere |
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Postwar baby boom |
Babies born during 15 year period after WW2, when birth rates were very high |
