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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cap and Trade
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government decides how much of a certain pollutant will be allowed as a total amount in the environment or as the total amount emitted into the environment per year. The limit is divided up amongst the source of the pollutant and the owners of those sources can trade among themselves
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Tax on emitters critics
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they say producers will simply pass on the price of taxes to the consumers and less sales will take place as a result
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Legal emissions limit critics
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they say unfair taxes could be placed on certain businesses and that monitoring is extensive and costly
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cap and trade critics
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they argue that companies that use fossil fuels to produce energy will be at a huge disadvantage to those who use alternative energy
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public service functions
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forests absorb particles, salt marshes convert toxic compounds to non toxic forms, wetlands and organic soils treat sewage, bees that pollinate flowers.
between $3-$33 trillion in value a year |
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natural capital
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ecological systems that provide public service functions
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tragedy of the commons
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when a resource is shared, an individuals personal share of profit from its exploitation is often greater than his share of the resulting loss
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commons
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land or another resource owned publicly, with public access for private uses. Ex:38% of forests, ocean fisheries away from coastlines, deep-ocean sea bed, the atmosphere. many from different international territories.
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externality (indirect cost)
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costs or benefits that don't show up on the "price tag"
Whaling Example lolol WHALING: loss of revenue to whale-watching tourism, tourist boats, and loss of ecological role of whales in an ecosystem |
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direct costs
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the cost of obtaining, processing, and distributing a product
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risk-benefit analysis
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the riskiness of a present action in terms of its possible outcomes is weighed against the benefit or value of the action
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