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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What caused the fish kill on the Neuse River? |
Killed by pfisteria |
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What are pfisteria? |
Releases toxins and create sores killing fishes |
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Environment science |
The studies of the interactions between human systems and natural systems |
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How is it different from other sciences? |
Includes biology, ecology, physics, policies, and economics |
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Biotic |
All the living things in the environment |
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Abiotic |
All nonliving things |
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Natural system |
System is a set of interacting components that influences one another exchanging material or energy |
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How are humans alter natural system? |
Every time we interact with the environment, we are changing in some way |
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What is an environment indicator? |
Something that can describe the state of the environment system or the health |
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5- global scale environment indicators |
Biodiversity, food production, average global surface temperature and co2 concentration, human production, resource depletion |
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Three part in Biodiversity |
1. Genetic diversity 2. Species diversity 3. Ecosystem Diversity |
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Genetic diversity |
DNA and chrome some level, the better the diversity = better the adaptability of species |
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Species diversity |
# of species in a given area - greater species = greater resilience the species have |
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Ecosystems diversity |
# of habitat in a given area, the more habitat = the more healthy |
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Food production |
The ability to grow food = to satisfy the demand of the human population. Food demand increase because of technology |
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Average global surface temperature and co2 concentration |
Increase co2 levels in the last 20 years by burning fossil fuels disel |
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The antpergenic |
Derived from human activities and are fossil fuels and deforestation |
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Human population |
Growth rate have slowed down since the 60's 2000 people per day |
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Resource depletion |
Overuse resources: fresh water, land, . Forest, fish, fossil fuels Lead to shortage of resources and habitat degradation |
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Sustainablilty |
Living in a way that balance the needs with the needs of generation |
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How can sustainability be achieved? |
Environment system isn't damage beyond recovery Renewable resources aren't use faster than the rate that it can be regenerated Non-renewable resources can be use sporadically |
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The ecological footprint |
Measuring resources consumption expressed as an area of land |
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Carbon footprint |
How many fossil fuel you have used |
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What are unique challenges of environmental science? |
The lack of baseline data, we don't have a control to look at it too subjectivity of problems, not a single measure |
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Positive impacts of maquiladora industry |
Increase in jobs for those who didn't Help US cooperation made money |
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Negative impacts of the maquiladora industry |
Decreased Jobs in the US Environmental disaster - toxic chemicals |
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Economics |
Examines how people (individuals, companies, countries) allocate resources in the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services |
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Market economy |
People are engaged in trade |
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Supply and demand |
How pricing effect supply and demands The price of goods related to supply and demands |
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Increase in supply = |
Decrease in demands, lower price for goods |
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Decrease in supply = |
Increase in demands, higher price for goods |
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Externalities |
Cost that are not calculated into price of an item |
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GDP |
Gross domestic product Values of all product and service that produced in a year in a country |
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GPI |
Genuine Progress Indicator Address the short coming include consumer spending by including personal consumption, income distribution |
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Kuznets curve |
Shows as per capacity income increase and environment degrading |
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Technology transfer/leapfrogging |
When less developed countries are able to adapt technology develops in the wealthy countries |
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Micro lending |
Loaning small amount of money - less than $300 Allows them to start some kind of community-based business in a developing countries |
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Capital |
Stuff that have values all the economic assets |
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Natural capital |
Resources that have values Ex. Air, water |
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Human capital |
Human knowledge |
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Manufactured capital |
Good + service produced by people |
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Market failure |
When an economic system doesn't account for all cost. Can lead to social/environmental breakdown |
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Environment economic |
Suffield of economics States that economics should taken environmental extranalities into accounts |
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Ecological economic |
Economy should be considered in ecology context |
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Valuation |
Assign values to two things 1. Intangible benefits of the national system 2. The nature capada and ecosystem services |
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Unsubstabable economic system |
Maximizing the resource use Going to have a large waste stream |
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Sustainable economic system |
Greater use of ecosystems services Less resource extraction Less waste |
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Anthropocentric |
Human centered Nature have a sentimental value to people |
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Biocentric |
Life centered All living together Each one have equal value |
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Ecocentric |
Earth centered Adapt our needs to nature |
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The precautionary principle |
If the results of an action are uncertain, probably best to choose a known or harmless alternatives |
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UN |
The United nation Goal: mailing world peace |
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UNEP |
The United nations environment programs Goal: negotiate national treaties |
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World Bank |
Provided money, technical systems to develop countries |
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WHO |
Sound health organization Goal: responsible for human health |
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UNDP |
United nations develop program Goal: improve life through development, property deduction |
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EPA |
Environmental protection agency Goal: oversees all govt efforts relates to environment |
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OSHA |
Occupational safety And health administration Goal: enforce health regulation in the work place |
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DOE |
U. S. Department of Energy Goal: advance energy, environmental responsibility |
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HDI |
Human development Index Looks at life expectancy and standard of living |
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HPI |
Human property index # of people who don't live past 40. Measure knowledge and standard of living |
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Command and control approach |
Set the regulations A mandated level of performance enforced in law |
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Incentive based approach |
Financial incentives meets environmental goals |
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The triple bottom line |
Looking at the people, planet, and profit Trying to come up with something that was viable |
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MDG |
Millennium Development goals -end extreme proverty and hunger -achieve primary education -provide equality - reduce child mortality |
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What happened to mono Lake ecosystem |
Water flow in, but doesn't have a spot for it to flow out Salt create high salinity |
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Matter |
Anything that occupied space |
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Compound |
Have more than one element |
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Molecules |
More than one atom together |
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Covalent Bonds |
A bond where they shared electrons |
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Ionic bond |
Electrons transfer bond |
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Hydrogen bond |
More like an attraction than a bond Form when Hydrogen atoms that are Covalent bonded to an atom that is attracted to another atom |
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Properties of water |
Dissolve substance Low density of ice Temperature moderation |
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Cohesion |
Surface touching |
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Adhesion |
Water sticks to itself |
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Acids |
Releases Hydrogen ions Everything less than 7 on the pH scale |
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Base |
Releases Hydroxide Everything grwater than 7 |
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Chemical reaction |
Occurs when atom separate from the atom Molecules that they are apart of |
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Law of conservation of matter |
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, it is just converted from one form to another |
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Carbohydrates |
Use for energy primary/use as a purpose for creating energy |
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Protein |
Made of amino acid Built tissues Energy storage |
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Lipids |
Major parts of membrane = that a surround cells |
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Nucleic acid |
Talking about out genetic information |
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Energy |
Capacity for doing work |
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How to measure energy |
Joules |
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What's the difference between energy and power? |
Power X time |
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First law of thermodynamics |
Can't get something from nothing |
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Second law or thermodynamics |
When energy is transformed the quality of the energy is the same, but ability to do work diminishes |
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Energy efficiency |
Rational of the amount of work done to the total amount of energy |
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Energy quality |
The ease with which an energy source can be used to do work |
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Entropy |
All system tend toward disorder Everything goes out of order |
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Open system |
Matter and energy are exchange across the system more system are open system |
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Closed system |
No exchange in matter or energy |
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Inputs |
Addition to the system regarding matter and energy |
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Outputs |
Losses of the system |
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Steady state |
Inputs are actually equal to Outputs, most natural systems = steady state |
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Feedback |
Adjustments in input or output rates caused by changes to a system |
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Negative feedback loop |
System responds to change by returning to original state Resisting change |
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Positive feedback loop |
System responds to change by changing move |
