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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where is cartilage?
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between dense connective tissue and bone
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what is cartilage?
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small thin plates of solid material
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what is the matrix in cartilage?
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a firm gel
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what does the matrix in cartilage include?
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1. ground substance
2. collagen fibers and proteins (GAGS) |
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what are GAGS?
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proteins in the matrix of cartilage that hold water
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what are the two types of cells in cartlage?
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chondrocytes and chondroblasts
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what are chondrocytes?
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-mature cartilage cells
-only cells in the avascular cartilage matrix |
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what are chondroblasts?
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-immature cartilage cells
- they lay down the matrix in developing cartilage |
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what happens when the chondroblasts become trapped in the matrix?
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matures to a chondrocyte
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what is a lacunae?
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small, fluid-filled space that contains the chondrocyte
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is cartilage vascular or avascular?
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avascular
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since cartilage is avascular how does it receive nutrients?
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from diffusion and blood vessels within the membrane surrounding the cartilage
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why is cartilage avascular?
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because the blood vessel growth is inhibited by chemicals released by the chondrocyte
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what is the perichondrium?
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its the connective tissue and membrane that surrounds the cartilage
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what does the perichondrium do?
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separates cartilage from surrounding tisues
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what two layers does the perichondrium consist of?
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an outer, fibrous layer
an inner, cellular layer |
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what is the outer, fibrous layer and what does it do?
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its a layer of dense connective tissue
1. provides mechanical support and protection 2. attaches cartilage to other structures |
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what is the inner, cellular layer and what does it do?
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layer made of chondroblasts; its important to the growth and maintenance of the cartilage
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what are the three types of cartilage?
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1. hyaline
2. elastic 3. fibrocartilage |
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what are the two methods of cartilage growth?
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interstitial and appositional
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what is interstitial growth?
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its mostly during development and some growth through adolescents but really none as an adult
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what happens in interstitial growth with chondrocytes?
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mature chondrocytes divide within their lacunae
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what do daughter cells do in interstitial growth?
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they secrete additional matrix, they move apart, expanding the cartilage within
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what is appositional growth?
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growth at the surface of the cartilage which consists of chondroblasts in the inner cellular layer of the perichondrium
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what happens in appositional growth?
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-new cartilage is produced at the boundaries of the structure causing it to enlarge
- differentiation of cells into chondroblasts, which secrete new matrix and separate from each other -repairment of cartilage after damange -chondroblats completely surrounded by matrix gradually mature into chondrocytes |
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what is hyaline cartilage?
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it is adapted to use as a bearing surface; therefore it is located at the surface of the cartilage
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what are the two functions of hyaline cartilage?
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1. provides stiff but flexible support
2. reduces friction between bony surfaces |
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where is hyaline cartilage located?
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-bony surface at synovial joins (knew joints, ankles)
-larynx, trachea, bronchi, and between ribs and sternum |
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what is elastic cartilage?
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it resembles hyaline cartilage but has more elastic fibers than collagen
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what does elastic cartilage do?
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it supports, but tolerates distortion without damage
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where is elastic cartilage located?
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epiglottis, auditory canal, larynx, and external ear
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what is fibrocartilage?
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-it is the strongest cartilage
-its similar to dense CT |
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how is fibrocartilage similar to dense CT?
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-the matrix: regular, parallel arrangement
-the cells: trapped in the lacunae |
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what are the functions of fibrocartilage?
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-resists compression (strong)
-prevents bone-to-bone contact -limits movement |
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where is the fibrocartilage located?
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knee joint pads, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
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