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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Temple complex
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a cluster of religious, administrative, and service buildings-centers of worship/thriving businesses
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cuneiform
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wedge shaped script - first system of writing - Sumerian - was pressed into clay tablets with a stylus
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ziggurat
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a stepped pyramidal structurew with a temple or shrine on top, decorated with cone mosaics, painted bricks, etc
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registers
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bands of something - such as a vase, that has been designed with people and animals - used to depict events
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low relief
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when figures are carved to project only slightly from a flat background
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cylinder seals
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the first type of seal, or signature, they were small, carved cylinders that would be rolled out to create a familiar design
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high relief
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figures are carved deeply to make them project more
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stela
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an upright stone slab - usually with historical inscriptions
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citadel
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a fortress, usually at the edge of a city
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palace complex
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at the back of a citadel - a fortified platform about 50 feet high
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crenelation
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notches - first glazed, then painted, then notched into, like a castle edge
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base
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slab of masonry supporting a statue/pillar
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shaft
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the section of a column between the capital and the base
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fluting
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decorative pattern of evenly spaced grooves on shafts of column
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capital
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the sculpted block atop a column
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Early Neolithic Cities:
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Jherico, in the West Bank 8-7000 BCE
Chatal Huyuk - 6500-5500 BCE |
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Sumer
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One of a region of city states along the S. Mesopotamian River *wheel, plow, smelting, writing, system of justice, ziggurats*
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Uruk
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first independent Sumerian city-state, *votive figures, registers, cone mosaics*
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Akkad
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Sargon I, conquered and adopoted Sumerian culture
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Lagash
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Remained independent of Sumerian control. Ruler was Gudea
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Babylon
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Amorites from the West reunited Sumer under Hammurabi, ruled 1792-1750 BCE, capital city Babylon
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Assyria
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from the north, conquered and controlled Mesopotamia, even to Egypt. Sargon II, build new capital at Dur Sharrukin - built a huge city/palace
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Neo-Babylonian
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Babylonians rose in power again, captured Ninevah in 612 BCE, controlled Turkey and across - Nebuchadnezzar is ruler, great contributer of architecture - built Babyulon, complete with the gardens, also had the Ishtar gate
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Anatolia
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Hittites, in Turkey, conquered to Syria/Lebanon, the doorways were decorated with high-relief guardian figures, a little rougher and coarser artwork, first people to work in iron - Lion Gate
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Persia
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Ruler - Darius, proclaimed himself King of Kings, made new capital Persopolis, Darius ordered work from all over the empire, integrating Persian, Egyptian, Greek, etc cultures and artwork
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