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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FOLD method to discern abuse from dependence
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F: Fight's/arguments about use of substance
O: Obligations are not met because of use L: Legal problems due to use D: Danger resulting from use |
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Substance Abuse Disorders
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- Substance Abuse
- Substance Dependence |
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Substance-Induced Disorders
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- Substance Intoxication
- Substance withdrawal - Withdrawl Delirium - Persisting Perception Disorder |
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Substance Dependence Criteria
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A maladaptive pattern of use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by three of the following:
1. tolerance (either) a. a need for markedly increased amounts to achieve the desired effect b. markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of a substance 2. Withdrawal (either) a. the characteristic withdrawal symptom for the substance b. the same (or a closely related) substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms 3. the substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period of time than was intended 4. there is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control the substance use 5. a great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects 6. important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use 7. the substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance |
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Substance Dependence Specifiers
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With Physiological Dependence: evident of tolerance or withdrawal (either criteria 1 or two are present)
Without Physiological Dependence: no evidence of tolerance or withdrawal (neither criteria 1 nor 2 is present) |
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Substance Abuse
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A. A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 1 or more of the following within a 12 month period:
1. recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home 2. recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazaradous 3. recurrent substacne-related legal problems 4. continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems cause or exacerbated by the effects of the substance B. Symptoms have never been met for substance dependence |
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Substance Intoxication
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A. The development of a reversible substance specific syndrome due to recent ingestion of a substance
B. Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes that are due to the effect of the substance on the central nervous system and develop during or shortly after use of the substance C. The symptoms are not due to a GMC or better accounted for by another mental disorder |
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Substance withdrawal
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A. The development of a substance specific syndrome due to the cessation of or reduction in substance use that has been heavy and prolonged
B. The substance specific syndrome causes clinically significant distress...etc. C. The symptoms are not due to a GMC or better accounted for by another mental disorder |
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Diagnostic screening CAGE
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C: Have you tried to control or cut down use?
A: Have friends or family become annoyed and expressed concern about your use? G: Have you ever felt guilty about your drinking or drug use? E: Have you ever had a drink early to avoid a hangover or withdrawal? |
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Biology of Addiction
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Drug use alters balance of neurtransmitters including Dopamine, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine which facilitates the cycle of addiction
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Neurotransmitter depletion
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results in withdrawal effects and indicates addiction
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Comorbid conditions with substance use disorders
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Depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, ADHD, Pyschosis, and some axis II disorders
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Drug use prevalence
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8.1% of U.S. population age 12+ used illicit drugs in the past 30 days
prevalence is higher in LGBT communities |
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Alcohol Intoxication
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A. Recent ingestion of alcohol
B. Clinically signification maladaptive behavior or psychological changes C. One ore more of the following signs are present: -slurred speech -incoordination -unsteady gait -nystagmus -impairment in attention or memory - stupor or coma D. |
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Alcohol Withdrawal
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A. Cessation or reduction of alcohol use that has been heavy and prolonged
B. Two or more of the following within several hours to days of meeting criteria A: -autonomic hyperactivity - increased hand tremor - insomnia - nausea or vomiting - transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations or illusions - psychomotor agitation - anxiety - grand mal seizures C. Criteria B causes clinically significant distress or impairment D. Not due to a GMC or better accounted for by another mental disorder |
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Amphetamine Intoxication
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A. Recent use of the substance
B. Clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological changes C. 2 or more of the following: -tachycardia or bradycardia - pupillary dilation - elevated or lowered blood pressure - perspiration or chills - nausea or vomiting - evidence of weight los - psychomotor agitation or retardation - muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardia arrhythmias - confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma |
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Amphetamine Withdrawal
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A. Stop using the amphetamine
B. dysphoric mood and two or more of the following: - fatigue - vivid, unpleasant dreams - insomnia or hypersomnia - increased appetite - psychomotor retardation or agitation C. clinically significant distress D. Not due to a GMC or better accounted for by another disorder |
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Cannabis Intoxication
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A. recent use of cannabis
B. clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological changes C. Two ore more of the following within 2 hours of use: - conjunctival injection - increased appetite - dry mouth - tachycardia D. Not due to a GMC or better accounted for by another disorder |
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Cocaine Intoxication
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A. Recent use
B. clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological changes C. Two or more of the following: - tachycardia or bradycardia -pupillary dialtion -elevated or lowered blood pressure - perspiration or chills - nausea or vomiting - evidence of weight loss - psychomotor agitation or retardation - muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias - confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma D. Not due to a GMC or better accounted for by another disorder |
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Cocaine Withdrawal
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A. Cessation or reduction of heavy and prolonged use
B. Dysphoric mood and two or more of the following: - fatigue - vivid, unpleasant dreams - insomnia or hypersomnia - increased appetite - psychomotor agitation or retardation C. Symptoms in B cause clinically significant distress D. Not due to a GMC or better accounted for by another disorder |
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Tale of Two Brain Systems by Steinberg
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-Emotional Brain System matures (subcortical limbi and paralimbic structures)
- Cognitive Control System matures later - Connections between emotional brain system and cognitive control system continue to develop through the mid 20's -Risk taking behavior increases during adolescent years because of increase in dopaminergic acivity in the socioemotional system at puberty as well as the temporal gap between maturation of the socioemotional and cognitive control systems |
