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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What composes the CNS
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Brain and spinal cord
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What does the PNS consist of
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Cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their receptors and endings
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What are the 2 divisions of the PNS
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Somatic, autonomic
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The somatic nervous system does what?
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sensory controll- skin muscles and joints
Motor controll- skeletal muscles |
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What are the two division of the autonomic nervous system
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symapthetic and parasympathetic
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What does the autonomic nervous system do?
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controlls involuntary innervation of various organ systems.
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What are the two types of nervous tissue cells.
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Neurons and neuroglial cells
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What in the fundimental structeral and functional unit of the NS
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the neuron
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What are 4 arrtibutes of neurons
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Speclized (physical, electrical or chemical), Differentiated, incapable of division, do not store glucose
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the three parts of the neuron consist of
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axon
dendrites cel body (perikaryon or soma) |
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What part of the neuron is the biosynthetic center
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cell body
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What are some of the charteristics of the cell body
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cell organelles responsible for metablosim and protien synthesiswhich are not found in the dendrites or axon.
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What are groups of neuron cell bodies in the brain called
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nuclei
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Where are the nuclei (grouped cell bodies) located in the brain.
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Grey matter.
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What are groups of neuron cell bodies called in the PNS
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ganglia
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what is the function of the dendrites
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to transport nerve signals to the toward the cell.
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How many times can a dendrite depolarize a second?
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none. dendrites do not depolarize.
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What type of cell myelinates the dendrite.
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dendrites are not myelineated.
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How many axons per neuron
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genrally only one, but it may branch.
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what determines the speed at which axons transmit signals.
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diameter and weather myelinated or not. Thicker is faster.
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Axons conduct impulses towards or away from the cell body.
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away.
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What is the function of the Axon hillock
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this is the TRIGGER ZONE in which nerve impulses arrise.
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What are the terminal ends of the axon called and what is their function.
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synaptic buttons or presynaptic knobs. secrete hormones and neurotransmitters to initate further events and APs
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What are the different nomenclature for bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS and The PNS.
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CNS= tracts
PNS=nerves |
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What type of cell insulates or sheaths the axon in the PNS. and what is it's function and benefit.
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Schwan cells. provides electrical insulation of the cell and allows the nerve signal to move much quicker.
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What are the insulating cell of the CNS and how is it different from the PNS.
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Oligodendrocyte. covers many axons instead of only one. composes the white matter.
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What is the end result of de-mylelinating desease such as MS.
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loss of sheath that results in the loss of the ability to controll muscles.
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What are the gaps in the mylein sheath called.
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Nodes and Ranvier
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Where are the Na channels located on the Axon.
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at the nodes of ranvier.
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where does AP occure on the axon.
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Only at the nodes of ranvier.
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What is the significance of the nodes of ranvier
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allow very rapid transmition of AP, prevent leakage of AP as it travels.
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What are the three structeral calssifications of neurons.
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Multipolar
Bipolar unipolar |
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what is the most common structeral calssfication and what characterises them
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multipolar neurons, characterized by several dendrites and one axon.
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What is the best example of a multipolar neuron
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muscle cell
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What are bipolar neurons primary functions.
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they are receptor cells in specialized sence organs such as retina, ear and olfactory mucosa.
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What would a bipolar cell look like.
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cell body in the middle
anon at one end and dendrite at the other. |
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What would a multipolar cell typically look like.
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cell body surrounded by dendrites with a single axon.
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Where are unipolar cells located.
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in the PNS with cell bodies in the posterior root ganglia.
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What do unipolar neurons look like.
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cell body on a shaft which is connected to a axon/dendrite like tree.
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There are three functional calssifications of neurons what are they?
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Sensoryneurons.
Motorneurons. Interneurons. |
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What are the charasterics of the interneurons.
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located only in the CNS
Multipolar Integrative functions of the nervous system. (process info and initate responce) |
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What are the charastics of the motorneurons.
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Efferent (away from) from CNS to effector organs or glands.
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What are the two types of motor neurons.
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somatic (reflex and voluntary skeletal muscles)
Autonomic (involuntary muscles and glands) |
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What are the charastics of sensory neurons.
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Afferent (to the CNS) pseudounipolar cells in the ganglia. (escept special sence cells)
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What types of neurons are motor neurons.
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multipolar.
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What are the 4 types of glial cells
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Astrocytes
oligodendrocytes Micorglyal Ependymal |
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What are the functions of the ependymal cells
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Line the third and fourth ventricles of brain. they form the cuboidal epithelium wich secrets CSF.
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Microgilas Cells proivde what function in the CNS.
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Are trasported to cites of injury and from macrophages that phagocytize the neuronal debris.
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________ from mylein sheaths over many axons, and are incapable of reginration.
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Oligodendrocutes
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_______ cells induce capillaries to form the Blood brain barrier, and are responsible for most neoplasms of the CNS.
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Astrocytes
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_________ cells are the predominate glial cells, which have star shaped appearance.
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Astrocytes
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These cells are active in repair following injury and maintain appropriate concentration of K, Nh4,GLutamate, serotonin, catecholamines and GABA.
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Astrocytes.
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__________ Isolates the brain and spinal cord from the intravascular compartment ensuring the brains stable environment.
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Blood brain barrier.
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What substances cross the Blood brain Barrier easily
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lipid soluable
fatty acids water, CO2, and O2. |
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What are the Circumventricular organs.
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Area postrema
pituitary gland pineal gland choroid plexus portions of the hyothalmus |
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What is the significance of the Circumventricular organs.
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Lack the blood brain barrier
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What is the function area postrema
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Chemoreceptor zone that initaes N/V. also has some cardiovascualr controll (not specific)
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What conditions may lead to comprimizing the BBB.
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trauma, subarachnoid, intracerebral hemorage, inshemia, lesions, infestion, irradiation.
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