Ap2 Test 5

Front 1

exctretion

Back 1

to get rid of waste

Front 2

what does the urinary system conist of

Back 2

two kidneys
two ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
are in both male n female

Front 3

adrenal gland

Back 3

sits on top of the kidneys two on top of the kideneys so you have four b/s you have two kidneys

Front 4

hilum

Back 4

where everything enters inthe kidneys in or out only place

Front 5

superior end of the ureter

Back 5

superior end of the ureter, on the drawing is called the renal sinus is a hollow chamber

Front 6

renal pelvis branches into

Back 6

minor calyses
major calyses

Front 7

is the renal sinus

Back 7

is hollow chamber

Front 8

renal cortex

Back 8

neprons millions and millions of them the functional units of the kidenys the stuctutes that produces urine microscopic in size

Front 9

renal cortex is where the

Back 9

urine is produced

Front 10

renal pyramids

Back 10

transport urine to the medulla from the cortex to the pelvis

Front 11

renal papillae

Back 11

is where the renal pyramids end and they allow part of it to enter urthra

Front 12

renal columns

Back 12

small spaces between the group of renal pyramids and are cortex material

Front 13

functions of kidneys

Back 13

-remove metabolic waste from the kideys
-help maintain RBC production
-helps regulate blood pressure
-helps with the absortion of vitamin d
-regulate water balance eltrolyte balance and ph

Front 14

erythropoietin

Back 14

targets red bone marrow produced in the kidneys

Front 15

renin

Back 15

produced in the kidneyslook up

Front 16

major blood supply to the kidneys is the

Back 16

renal artery

Front 17

there are ___ pathways of blood

Back 17

filter blood and supply with blood two pathways

Front 18

drains blood of kidneys

Back 18

renal vein

Front 19

inferior vena cava

Back 19

rena vein joins this to take the blood back to the heart

Front 20

___ to ___ of cardiac output goes through the kidneys(blood) each min all of that is not even filtered

Back 20

15-30%

Front 21

urine is ___% water

Back 21

92%

Front 22

urine formation: three steps list

Back 22

-filtration(hydrostatic pressure n osmotic)
-reabsorbtion
-secretion

Front 23

the first step of urine production describe

Back 23

move through blood in to the very first tubule(proximal) by hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Front 24

filtrate

Back 24

whatever passes through the capsule during the filtration stage can be water glucose elctrolytes uric acid ect

Front 25

urine formation starts off as ___ and ends as ___

Back 25

filtrate urine

Front 26

now once it enters the proximal the firtate has a choice to exchange stuff between the

Back 26

peritubular capillary and the loop of henle

Front 27

once we get to the collecting duct the ___ is a final product and is called fitrate til gets here

Back 27

urine

Front 28

filtration is controlled by

Back 28

-the hydrostic pressure in the capsule
-increase blood volume in the capsule

Front 29

autoregulation

Back 29

self regulation, is when no matter what your bp is can keep the same constant blood flow to itself(maintaining blood volume)
briain, kidneys

Front 30

reabsorption

Back 30

put good things back in the blood from the filtate into the paeritubular capillary starts as soon as it get in the loop of henle

Front 31

excretion

Back 31

is when the peritubular capilarries dumps into the loop of henle to get rid of bad things

Front 32

start in the loop of henle and continues throughout the entire nephron

Back 32

reabsortion excretion

Front 33

passive transport

Back 33

no e-, greater conc. to less conc, use carrier molecules sometimes
-filtration
osmosis
-diffusion simple and faciliated- only one uses carriers

Front 34

active transport

Back 34

requires e-, less conc to higher conc. always have crriers proteins

Front 35

how we move things in the second and third stage (reabsorption, excretion)

Back 35

passive transport
active transport

Front 36

diff between passive n active transport

Back 36

p- no e-
a- always has carriers
p-h to l
a- low to h

Front 37

types of passive transport

Back 37

-filtration
osmosis
-diffusion simple and faciliated- only one uses carriers

Front 38

reabsorption uses ___ transport

Back 38

requires e- and carriers so is active transport

Front 39

limited transport capacity

Back 39

is limted by the number of carriers so you can not get every thing put of the nephron(reabsortion stage n excretion)

Front 40

you have a limited amount of ___ wich is called

Back 40

carriers, limited transport capaacity

Front 41

kidneys

Back 41

water, electrolytes, ph

Front 42

when you get dehydrated you release

Back 42

ADH, 1-2%

Front 43

ADH info

Back 43

hypothalumus makes it and is stored and releases by the pitiutary effects the distal n collecting duct

Front 44

what percent % of dehyydration triggers ADH

Back 44

1-2%

Front 45

what does dehydration result in

Back 45

release of ADH and more concentrated urine

Front 46

is when water removed from urine and returned to the blood is caused by

Back 46

ADH

Front 47

glucosuria

Back 47

glucose in the urine

Front 48

urine made of

Back 48

92-95% agua
urine composition is effected by diet n excercise makes morec concentarted
-mucus
-electrolytes
-traces of amino acids
-urea, uric acid creatine

Front 49

urine concentration efftected by

Back 49

diet n excersise

Front 50

urine volume effected by

Back 50

excersise n disease conditions,

Front 51

50-60 cm^3

Back 51

is the amount of urine produced each hour

Front 52

kidney failure

Back 52

less than 30cm^3/hr

Front 53

urine formation second thing in it

Back 53

lines everything, mucous

Front 54

urea

Back 54

by product catabolism of amino acids

Front 55

uric acid

Back 55

metabolism of organic bases

Front 56

kidneys filter

Back 56

metabolic waste

Front 57

things ou dont want to find in urine

Back 57

blood
glucose
protein
can be problems

Front 58

blood in urine can be due to

Back 58

cancer, kidney stones, prostate problems

Front 59

blood n urine is helps find anything

Back 59

wrong with you

Front 60

renal pelvis is where

Back 60

is where kidney stones are produced
- Ca biuld up or cholesterol

Front 61

can block ureters and have to be physical removed

Back 61

kidney stones

Front 62

renal pelvis

Back 62

superior end of the ureter

Front 63

ureter

Back 63

transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder is 2 the walls have three layers

Front 64

ureter walls list layers

Back 64

E.T-inner wall,is a mucous membrane
smooth muscle- middle
c.t- outer layer

Front 65

is smooth so we

Back 65

dont have to think about moving urine to bladder

Front 66

urine moves by

Back 66

peristolis ways

Front 67

ureters has ___ openings

Back 67

2

Front 68

bladder has __ openings

Back 68

urethra, 2 ureters, floor of the urinary bladder is where the openings are look like a triangle

Front 69

trigone of the bladder

Back 69

is where the openings are look like a triangle ARE 3

Front 70

sense of urgency

Back 70

is the pressure from the bladder when you need to go

Front 71

aldosterone

Back 71

regulates is produced by the adrenal cortex and it regulates sodium potassium affects the last part of the nephron

Front 72

aldosterone regulates

Back 72

reg. na and k

Front 73

urinary bladder wall

Back 73

transitional E.t- inner
smooth muscle-has two layers of this
smooth muscle
C.T- outside

Front 74

urinary bladder

Back 74

goes under the most pressure changes daily compared to any organ and is lined by transitional E.T

Front 75

urinary bladder is lined with

Back 75

transitional E.T

Front 76

destrusor muscle

Back 76

is the name for the smooth muscle in the urinary bladder one is circ. one is long.

Front 77

there is two sphincters in the urinary bladder what are they

Back 77

internal urethral sphincter-inner
-external urethral sphincter

Front 78

micturition reflex

Back 78

another name for urination, the sense of urgency

Front 79

internal urethral sphincter

Back 79

involuntary cannot ever control

Front 80

external urethral sphincter

Back 80

hope becomes voluntary as you are born you can not and as you age you lose the control over this

Front 81

the feeling of urgency goes...

Back 81

goes to spinal cord and back never goes to brain

Front 82

bladder can hold up to ___ usually you will get the sense of urgency at ___

Back 82

600 mls , 150-200 ml

Front 83

urgency can change when you are -____ at ____ full

Back 83

pregnant, 50 mls

Front 84

purpose of urinary bladder

Back 84

store urine

Front 85

urethra

Back 85

m n f have this, the opening at the end is called external urethral orfice

Front 86

diff in the urethra in F n M

Back 86

has two functions-M
has 1-F

Front 87

females urthra function

Back 87

pass or boid urine

Front 88

Males urethra function

Back 88

part of the urinary system n the reproductive syste

Front 89

vas deferens

Back 89

drop down behind the bladder and enter the sphincters(vas deferens) is in males

Front 90

prostate gland

Back 90

is where the vas deferens enter

Front 91

urine is composed primarily of what

Back 91

electrolytes, glucose, water

Front 92

what are the major regions of the kidney

Back 92

renal medulla renal cortex

Front 93

the composition of urine is due to what two factors

Back 93

diet n excersise

Front 94

prostate cancer affects

Back 94

urination, reproduction, and the urethra

Front 95

urethra has three layers to the walls

Back 95

E.T smooth muscle, C.T
inner to out

Front 96

name all the parts of the urinary system

Back 96

two kidneys
ureters-2
urinary bladder
urethra

Front 97

what is the name given to the hollow chamber located inside the medial supression of the kidney

Back 97

renal sinus

Front 98

what is the entrance to the hollow chamber in the medial supression of the kidney called

Back 98

hilum

Front 99

what is the the name of the expanded superior end of the ureter

Back 99

renal pelvis

Front 100

functional units of the kidney

Back 100

nephrons

Front 101

renal ___ lie between adjacent renal pyramids

Back 101

columns

Front 102

where is erythropoitenin is produced and its function

Back 102

kidneys, regulate RBC formation

Front 103

what is renin? its function?

Back 103

helps regulate BP

Front 104

what major arteries deliver blood to the kidneys

Back 104

renal arteries

Front 105

stages of urine production

Back 105

filtration
reaborption
secretion

Front 106

where does the process of filtration occur in the kidneys

Back 106

renal capsule

Front 107

autoregulation

Back 107

maintiang consant flow of blood no matter what condition

Front 108

what does glucoseria mean

Back 108

glucose in the urinane, sugar

Front 109

name two methods of passive transport

Back 109

osmosis, simple diffusion

Front 110

where or what organ produces ADH

Back 110

hypothalamus

Front 111

what substance waste product is a bi product of amino acid catabolism

Back 111

urea

Front 112

the movement of material from the peritubular cappilaries into the renal tubule occurs in the ___ phase of urine formation

Back 112

secretion phase

Front 113

what do we call the tubular organs that run from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Back 113

ureters

Front 114

three openings in the urinary bladder and what is the triangle area called that they form

Back 114

ureters-2, urethra and trigone

Front 115

another name for urination

Back 115

micturation

Front 116

what sphincter in the urathra has voluntary muscle

Back 116

external urethral sphincter

Front 117

the tubular organ running from the urinary bladder to the outside is called the

Back 117

urethra

Front 118

afferent arterioles carry blood to the what that is associated with each nephron

Back 118

glomerulus

Front 119

renal veins join the ___ to carry blood back to the heart

Back 119

inferior vena cava

Front 120

what is the final part of the nephon called

Back 120

collecting duct

Front 121

what is the very first part of the nephron called

Back 121

renal capsule

Front 122

ADH is secrted when the body is

Back 122

dehydrated

Front 123

name two substances that can be reabsorbed in the nephron

Back 123

renal capsule, renal tubular, if he wants you to divide down its proximal ect

Front 124

renal capsule

Back 124

is a big ball of vessels inside the glomerelus isnt part of the nephron but is associated with it

Front 125

afferent arterioles

Back 125

bring blood to the glomerus

Front 126

efferent arterioles

Back 126

take blood away from the glomerulus

Front 127

what is the function of the afferent n efferent arterioles

Back 127

filter waste

Front 128

peritubular cavity is formed by ____ and goes along the entire ____

Back 128

peritubular cavity
nephron

Front 129

if the parts of the nephron do not have a ____ it cannnot filter blood

Back 129

glomerelus

Front 130

list the order of the nephron parts

Back 130

capsule
proximal convulated tubule
loop of henle
distal convulated tubule
collecting duct