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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is blood? |
A fluid connective tissue composed of plasma, & formed elements |
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What are formed elements? |
Erythrocyte, Leukocytes, & Platelets |
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What is the characteristics of blood? |
Sticky, opaque fluid, the color is scarlet to dark red bc of oxygen |
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What is the pH, temp., & weight of blood? |
pH 7.35 to 7.45, temp. 38°C, & 8% of body weight. |
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What is the average volume of blood in males & females? |
Males 5-6L, Females 4-5L |
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What are the 3 functions of blood? |
1) Distributions, 2) Regulation, 3) Protection |
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What is Distribution of blood? |
Distributes Oxygen & nutrients to body cells, metabolic waste to kidneys & lungs, & hormones from endocrine organs to target organs. |
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What is Regulation of blood? |
Regulation of body temp., pH, & fluid volume |
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What is the protection of blood? |
Protection against blood loss, & infection. |
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What initiates clot formation? |
Plasma proteins & Platelets |
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What consists in blood plasma? |
90% water, 60% albumin, 36% globulins, & 4% fibrinogen |
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What is blood plasma? |
Nitrogenous by-products of metabolism lactic acid, urea, creatinine |
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What nutrients are in blood plasma? |
Glucose, Carbohydrates, Amino acids |
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What electrolytes are in blood plasma? |
Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3- |
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What respiratory gases are in blood plasma? |
O2, & CO2 |
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What else is in blood plasma? |
Hormones |
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What are only complete cells? |
WBC |
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What has no nuclei or organelles? |
RBC |
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What are cell fragments? |
Platelets |
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How long do most formed elements survive in the bloodstream? |
A few days |
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Where do most blood cells originate? |
Bone marrow & they don't divide |
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What are erythrocyte characteristics? |
Biconcave, anucleate, no organelles, anaerobic ATP production, 97% hemoglobin |
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What are erythrocyte filled with & why? |
Hemoglobin Hb for gas transport |
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What is erythrocytes a major factor contributing to? |
Blood viscosity |
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What are RBC dedicated to? |
Respiratory gas transport |
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What reversibly binds with oxygen? |
Hemoglobin |
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What is the structure of hemoglobin? |
Protein globin & the heme pigment. |
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What is the protein globin? |
2 alpha & 2 beta chains |
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What is the theme pigment bonded to? |
Each globin chain |
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What in each heme can bind to one oxygen molecule? |
Iron atom |
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How many oxygen molecules can Hb transport? |
4 |
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What is produced when oxygen is loading into the lungs? |
Oxyhemoglobin (ruby red) |
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What is produced when oxygen is unloading in the tissues? |
Deoxyhemoglobin (dark red) |
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What is produced when carbon dioxide is loading in the tissues? |
Carbaminohemoglobin ( carries 20% of CO2 in the blood) |
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What is hematopoiesis? |
Blood cell formation |
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Where does hematopoiesis occur? |
Red bone marrow of axial skeleton, girdles, & proximal epiphanies of humerus & femur |
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What is hemocytoblasts? |
Hematopoietic stem cells |
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What do hemocytoblasts do? |
Give rise to all formed elements, hormones & growth factors push the cell toward a specific pathway of blood cell development |
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Where do new blood cells enter? |
Blood sinusoids |
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What is erythropoiesis? |
RBC production |
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What is a hemocytoblasts transformed into? |
Proarythroblast |
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What do proerythroblasts develop into? |
Early erythroblasts |
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What does a few RBC lead to? |
Hypoxia |
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What does a lot of RBC increase? |
Blood viscosity |
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What does the balance & destruction of RBC production depend on? |
Hormonal control & adequate supplies of iron, amino acids, & B vitamins |
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What is erythropoietin EPO? |
Direct stimulus for erythropoiesis |
