A&p2, Lecture 6

Front 1

includes sensory receptors, peripheal nerves, associated ganglia, motor endings

Back 1

PNS

Front 2

receptor classification stimulus type-

respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, itch

Back 2

mechanoreceptors

Front 3

receptor classification stimulus type-

sensitive to changes in TEMPERATURE

Back 3

thermoreceptors

Front 4

receptor classification stimulus type-

respond to light energy (ex. retina)

Back 4

photoreceptors

Front 5

receptor classification stimulus type-

respond to chemicals (ex. smell, taste, etc)

Back 5

chemoreceptors

Front 6

receptor classification stimulus type-

responds to PAIN

Back 6

nociceptors

Front 7

receptor classification by location-

respond to stimuli arising outside the body; found near the body surface; general senses, inc. special sense organs

Back 7

exteroceptors

Front 8

receptor classification by location-

respond to stimuli arising within the body (internal viscera and blood vessels); chemical changes, stretch, temperature changes

Back 8

interoceptors

Front 9

types of mechanoreceptors-

responds to pressure

Back 9

Merkel's disc

Front 10

types of mechanoreceptors-

responds to skin stretch

Back 10

Ruffini Ending

Front 11

types of mechanoreceptors-

respond to VIBRATION

Back 11

Pacinian Corpuscle

Front 12

types of mechanoreceptors-

respond to TOUCH

Back 12

Meissner's Corpuscle

Front 13

types of mechanoreceptors-

respond to PAIN

Back 13

nociceptor

Front 14

simple receptors-

free nerve endings, merkel's discs and hair follicle receptors are examples of...

Back 14

Unencapsulated
(Simple Receptors)

Front 15

simple receptors-

meissner's corpuscles, pacinian, corpuscles, muscle spindles, GTO, Ruffini's and joint kinesthetic receptors

Back 15

Encapsulated
(Simple Receptors)

Front 16

Sensation does NOT always equal....

Back 16

Perception

Front 17

the awareness of changes in the internal and external environment

Back 17

sensation

Front 18

the conscious interpretation of sensory stimuli

Back 18

perception

Front 19

what sensory stimuli is not perceived/interpreted?

Back 19

x-rays
UV
sound ( >20kHZ, <20Hz)

Front 20

3 main levels of neural integration in the somatosensory system are:

Back 20

1- receptor level
2- circuit level (ascending pathways)
3- perceptual level

Front 21

when does adaptation occur for sensory receptors?

Back 21

when they are subjected to an unchanging stimulus

Front 22

which sensory receptors do NOT exhibit adaptation?

Back 22

pain and proprioceptors

Front 23

cordlike organ of the PNS consisting of peripheal axons enclosed by connective tissue

Back 23

nerve

Front 24

structure of a nerve-

loose connective tissue that SURROUNDS axons

Back 24

endoneurium

Front 25

structure of a nerve-

coarse connective tissue that bundles fibers into fascicles

Back 25

perineurium

Front 26

structure of a nerve-

tough fibrous sheath around a nerve

Back 26

epineurium

Front 27

conscious/unconscious

Back 27

sensory/afferent

Front 28

voluntary/involuntary

Back 28

motor/efferent

Front 29

most common type of nerve (sensory and motor fibers carry impulses to/from CNS)

Back 29

mixed

Front 30

the 3 classifications of nerves

Back 30

afferent
efferent
mixed

Front 31

4 types of mixed nerves

Back 31

1- somatic afferent
2- somatic efferent
3- visceral afferent
4- visceral efferent

Front 32

types of mixed nerves-

sensory from skin

Back 32

somatic afferent

Front 33

types of mixed nerves-

motor to skeletal muscle

Back 33

somatic efferent

Front 34

types of mixed nerves-

sensory from viscera

Back 34

visceral afferent

Front 35

types of mixed nerves-

motor to smooth muscle

Back 35

visceral efferent

Front 36

originate from brain/brainstem (cranial nerves) or spinal column (spinal nerves)

Back 36

peripheral nerves

Front 37

the 4 cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic fibers

Back 37

III, VII, IX, X

Front 38

shortest of the cranial nerves

Back 38

I Olfactory

Front 39

Cranial Nerve I:

Back 39

Olfactory-
smell

Front 40

Cranial Nerve I:
loss of function

Back 40

(loss or decrease in sense of smell):
*anosmia
*hyposmia

Front 41

Cranial Nerve II:

Back 41

Optic-
vision

Front 42

optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness because the nerve is...

Back 42

incapable of regeneration

Front 43

CRANIAL NERVE II:

____ _____ pass thru the optic canals and converge at the ______ _______

Back 43

OPTIC NERVES pass thru the optic canals and converge at the OPTIC CHIASM

Front 44

CRANIAL NERVE II:

from the ____ _____ , the nerves continue to the thalamus as ______ _______ where they synapse

Back 44

from the OPTIC CHIASM , the nerves continue to the thalamus as OPTIC TRACTS where they synapse

Front 45

CRANIAL NERVE II:

after the optic tracts synapse, the ______ ________ fibers run to the visual cortex

Back 45

after the optic tracts synapse, the OPTIC RADIATION fibers run to the visual cortex

Front 46

Cranial Nerve III name:

Back 46

Oculomotor

Front 47

Cranial Nerve III loss of function:

Back 47

"down and out" syndrome
ipsilateral pupil dilated
ptosis

Front 48

Cranial Nerve III innervates

Back 48

-4 of the 6 extrinsic eye muscles
-levator palpebrae superioris

Front 49

parasympathetics for pupil constriction (miosis) and lens shape

Back 49

III-Oculomotor

Front 50

raises eyelid, directs the eyeball, constricts iris

Back 50

III-Oculomotor

Front 51

Cranial Nerve IV name:

Back 51

Trochlear

Front 52

smallest of the cranial nerves

Back 52

IV- Trochlear

Front 53

only cranial nerve to exit dorsal brain stem

Back 53

IV- Trochlear

Front 54

Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear) innervates

Back 54

innervates superior oblique

Front 55

Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear) loss of function

Back 55

diplopia (double vision)

Front 56

Cranial Nerve V:

Back 56

Trigeminal

Front 57

largest of the cranial nerves

Back 57

Cranial Nerve V: trigeminal

Front 58

three divisions of Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal):

Back 58

V1- Ophthalmic
V2- Maxillary
V3- Mandibular (muscles of mastication)

Front 59

this branch of cranial nerve V is both sensory AND motor

Back 59

V3- Mandibular
sensory- sense to anterior 2/3 of tongue
motor- muscles of mastication

Front 60

cranial nerve-

SENSATION of face

Back 60

Cranial Nerve V- Trigeminal

Front 61

Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)
loss of function

Back 61

-paralysis on 1 side of jaw
(jaw deviates to paralyzed side)

-episodic intense pain

Front 62

Cranial Nerve VI:

Back 62

Abducens

Front 63

Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens) innervates

Back 63

lateral rectus

Front 64

Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens) loss of function

Back 64

inability to abduct eye

Front 65

Cranial Nerve VII:

Back 65

Facial Nerve

Front 66

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve) innervates

Back 66

muscles of facial expression

parasympathetics for saliva & tears

Front 67

5 branches of the Facial Nerve (VII)

Back 67

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
("ten zebras bite my chickens")

Front 68

Cranial Nerve:
-supplies motor to the face
-facial expression
-autonomics

Back 68

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve)

Front 69

loss of function- which cranial nerve?

-loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue
-LMN lesion-> ipsilateral facial hemiparesis
-UMN lesion --> contralateral paresis on lower 1/2 of face

Back 69

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve)

Front 70

Cranial Nerve VIII:

Back 70

Vestibulocochlear

Front 71

Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear 2 DIVISIONS

Back 71

Cochlear (hearing)
Vestibular (balance)

Front 72

Cranial Nerve IX:

Back 72

Glossopharyngeal

Front 73

cranial nerves-
conveys BP information from carotid bodies to Medulla Oblongata

Back 73

Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal

Front 74

Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal innervates

Back 74

-inervates posterior 1/3 of tongue & pharynx (swallowing)

- parasympathetics to parotid gland

Front 75

Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal
loss of function

Back 75

- taste and parotid gland (salivary) issues

Front 76

Cranial Nerve X:

Back 76

Vagus

Front 77

Cranial Nerve X (Vagus) innervates

Back 77

- muscles of pharynx & larynx
(swallowing & speaking)

-parasympathetics to HT, LU & other viscera

Front 78

the only cranial nerve that extends beyond the head and neck

Back 78

Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)

Front 79

SENSORY to posterior 1/3 of tongue

Back 79

Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)

Front 80

conveys info & BP from aortic body to the medulla oblongata

Back 80

Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)

Front 81

Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)
loss of function

Back 81

-dysphagia
-hoarseness
-NO loss of parasymp. function

Front 82

Cranial Nerve XI:

Back 82

Accessory

Front 83

Cranial Nerve XI (accessory) innervates

Back 83

trapezius and SCM

Front 84

Cranial Nerve XI (accessory)
loss of function

Back 84

weakness or paralysis of ipsilateral trapezius & SCM

Front 85

Cranial Nerve XII

Back 85

Hypoglossal

Front 86

Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal) innervates

Back 86

extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Front 87

Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal) loss of function

Back 87

weakness or paralysis of ipsilateral tongue
(tongue deviates to side of lesion)

Front 88

receptor fields are larger ______ and smaller _____

Back 88

larger PROXIMALLY and smaller DISTALLY