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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Myelinated tracts carrying information
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white matter
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Basal neucli, unmyelinated fibers, information processing
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grey matter
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These arise from expansion of the lumen of the neural tube?
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ventricles
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Increase the surface area of brain so it fits inside the skull?
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Gyri
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Form the superior part of the brain and make up 83% of its mass?
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cerebral hemisphere
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Five lobes of the cerebral hemispheres?
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frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula
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separates the frontal and parietal lobes?
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central sulcus
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separates the parietal and occipital lobes
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parieto-occipital sulcus
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separates the parietal and temporal lobes
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lateral sulcus
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Folds becomes the crest become the
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PNS
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Groove becomes the tube becomes the
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CNS
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incomplete closure of one or more vertebral lamina, resulting in protrusion of the spinal membranes and cord
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spina bifida
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circumference of the head is smaller than average for the person's age/sex
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microencephaly
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absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp
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anencephaly
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The three primary brain vesicles at 4 weeks gestation?
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prosencephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain) rhombencephalon (hindbrain) |
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Week 5 gestation (secondary vesicles) prosencephalon becomes:
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Telencephalon (endbrain)
Diencephalon (interbrain) |
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Week 5 gestation (secondary vesicles) mesencephalon becomes:
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mesencephalon (midbrain)
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Week 5 gestation (secondary vesicles) rhombencephalon becomes:
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Metencephalon (afterbrain)
Myelencephalon (marrowbrain) |
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Telencephalon adult structures:
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Cerebrum: cortex (grey) matter, white matter, basal nuclei (grey)
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Diencephalon adult structures:
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Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subfornical area
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Mesencephalon adult structure:
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Brainstem: midbrain
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Metencephalon adult structure
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Brainstem: pons, and cerebellum
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Myelencephalon adult structure:
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brainstem: medulla oblongata
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superficial gray matter; accounts for 40% of the mass of the brain:
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cerebral cortex
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enables sensation, communication, memory, understanding, and voluntary movements
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cerebral cortex
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Three types of functional areas in the cerebral cortex?
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motor - voluntary movement
sensory - perception association areas - blend it together |
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Four motor areas of the cerebral cortex:
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primary (somatic) motor cortex, pre-motor cortex, broca's area, frontal eye field
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Located in precentral gyrus. Composed of pyramidal cells. Motor homunculus (brain mapping).
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primary motor cortex
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allows conscious contol of precise, skilled, voluntary movements
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primary motor cortex
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anterior to precentral gyrus. Controls learned, repetitious, or patterened motor skills (baseball)
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pre-motor cortex
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Motor area that directs muscles of speech. Is active as one prepares to speak.
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Broca's Area
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"oral expressive aphagia"
can understand what words mean, but have trouble with speech and language |
Broca's aphagia
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Controls voluntary eye movement
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frontal eye field
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