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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
excretory functions of urinary system are performed by _______
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kidneys
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kidney produce?
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urine: fluid contained water, ions, and soluble compounds
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when urine leaves the kidneys it travels along the?
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ureter
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the ureters lead to the?
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urinary bladder
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urinary bladder
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a muscular sac for the temporary storage of urine
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the urine travels from the bladder to?
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urethra
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the function of the urethra?
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to conduct urine to the exterior
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the renal vein and the renal artery
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hillus: prominant medial indentation
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hilus is a point of ENTRY for?
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renal artery and renal nerves
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hilus is a point of EXIT for?
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renal vein and ureter
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what covers the outer surface of the kidney?
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renal capsule
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the renal capsule lines the?
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renal sinus
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renal sinus
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internal cavity within the kidney
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what passed thrugh the hilus and braches within the renal sinus
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renal blood vessels and the ureter
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the superficial portion of the kidney
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renal cortex
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description of the cortex
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reddish brown and granular
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conical or tirangular structires
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renal pyrimids
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6-18 renal pyrimids make up?
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renal medulla
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ducts within the renal papilla discharge urine into cup-shaped drain called?
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minor calyx
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4 or 5 minor calyx makes up a?
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major calyx
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2 or 3 major calyx form together to make the?
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renal pelvis
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renal pelvis
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large funnel shaped chamber
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Flow of blood to the kidneys
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1- renal artery, 2-segmental artery, 3- interlobar artery, 4- arcuate artery, 5- afferent arterioles
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flow of blood to the kidneys inside the nephron
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6- glomerulus, 7- efferent arteriole, 8- peritubular capillaries
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nephron functions
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filtration, secretion, and reabsorbtion
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a sperical structure consisting of Bowman's capsule
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renal corpuscle
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Bowman's capsule
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a cup shaped chamber approximately 200 nanometers in diameter
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glomerulus
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capillary network
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bllod arrives at the renal corpusle by the?
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afferent arteriole
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how many convoluted segemtns does hte renal tubule have?
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two
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renal tube segments?
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1- proximal convoluted tube
2- distal convoluted tube |
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the renal tube segments are separated by?
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loop of Henle
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PCT
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tubular cell walls absorb organic nutrients, ions, water, plasma proteins, from the tubular fluid and release them into the peritubular fluid
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peritubular fluid
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the intestinal fluid surrounding the renal tubule
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the acute bend of the PCT turns into
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renal tubule toward the Renal Medulla
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PCT bends makes?
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loop of Henle, or nephron loop
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epitelia cells taller near DCT near renal corpuscle, nuclie are clustered together
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macula densa
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macula densa plus juxtaglomerlular cells form the?
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juxtaglomerular apparatus
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endocrine structure that secretes the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin
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juxtaglomerular apparatus
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the last segment of the nephron
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the distal convoltuted tube
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opens into the collecting system
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DCT
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consist of collecting ducts and papillary ducts
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collecting system
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DCT functions
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water(varies); secretion: hydrogen ions, ammonium ions, creatine, drugs, toxins
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filtration
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hydrostatic pressure forces water across the membrane, and solute molecules are selected on the basisof size
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urea, chloride ions, lipid-soluble materials may diffuse out of the PCT in this way
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passive reabsorbiton of ions
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PCT actively transoprts ions including:
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sodium, potassium, magnesium, bicacrbonate, phosphate, sulfate
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sodium and chloride are passively treansported out of:
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the thick ascending limb and into the peritubular fluid
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1-DCT and collecting system become permeable to water
2- osmotic concentration of urine= deepest portion of the medulla |
under maximum ADH stimulation
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ureter epithelum (inside to out)
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1- transitional
2- smooth muscle 3- outer connective tissue layer |
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transitional epithelium
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inner mucosa and the surrounding lamina propria
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ureter epithelium from the ______ muscle
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detrusor muscle
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contraction of the detrusor muscle causes...
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compresses the urinary bladder and expels its contents into the urethra
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streth receptors provide adequate stimulation to parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
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micturation reflex
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action potentials are carried by...
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efferent fibers located within the pelvic nerves
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efferent fibers then stimulate...
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ganglionic neurons in the wall of the urinary bladder
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ganglionic neurons then stimulate...
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contraction of the detrusor muscle
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micturation reflex problems
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muscle looses muscle tone, less effective at voluntary movement
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involuntary release of urine
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incontinence
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incontinence
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a slow leakage
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