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162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BLOOD TRANSPORT IS A -----? TO CREATE ENERGY/
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CELLULAR EVENT
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WHAT KIND OF SYSTEM ARE THE BLOOD VESSELS?
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CLOSED DELIVERY SYSTEM
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SYSTEMIC TO ----------?
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PULMONARY
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ARTERIES CAN ----------?
4 THINGS |
RELAX
CONSTRICT STRETCH GROW NEW ONES |
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DEFINE ARTERY?
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MOVES BLOOD AWAY FROM HEART
...HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH O2 CONTENT |
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WHY ARE CAPPILALRIES IMPORTENT?
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THATS WHERE EXCHANGE OF GAS/NUTRIENTS TAKE PLACE
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WHEN HEART CONTRACTS BLOOD --------- VENTRICLES?
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LEAVES....L AND R IN EQUAL PORTIONS
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HEART GOES FROM VENTRICLES TO -------------?
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LARGEST ARTERIES
AORTA |
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ARTERIES GET ----------- ADN ----------?
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SMALLER AND SMALLER
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WHAT IS THE SMALLEST ARTERIOLES?
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SMALLEST ARTERIES
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WHAT SUPPLIES THE CAPILLARIES?
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ARTERIOLES
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WHAT PROVIEDS DIRSECT CELLULAR NEEDS
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CAPILLARIES
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WHAT MOVES O2 AND CO2 AROUND IN BLOOD?
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CAPILLARIES
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HOW DO GASES EXCHANGE IN BLOOD?
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SIMPLE DIFFUSION
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VEINS CARRY BLOOD WHERE?
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BACK TO HEART
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----------- DRAIN BLOOD FROM TISSUES INTO VENULES?
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CAPILLARIES
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VENULES DELIVER BLOOD TO ---------?
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VEINS
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VEINS GET --------- AND --------?
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LARGER AND LARGER
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SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR ?
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VENA CAVA
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VEINS CARRY BLOOD WHERE?
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TO THE HEART
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AVE ADULT HAS ------------ MILES OF BLOOD VESSELS?
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60K MILES OF IT
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IS THERE A COLOR DIFF BTN ARTERIES AND VEINS?
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YES
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PULMONARY CIRCULATION IS -------- COMPARED TO SYSTEMIC?
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REVERSED
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WHAT PROVIDES THE EXCHANGE BTN BLOOD AND TISSUES?
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CAPILLARIES
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NEITHER ARTERIES NOR VEINS DO WHAT?
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EXCANGE ANYTHING WITH TISSUES
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ARTERIES ARE RED AND VEINS BLUE EXCEPT WHERE?
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LUNGS THEY ARE REVERSED
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ALL BLOOD VESSELS HAVE ---- WALLS?
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3 (EXCEPT FOR THE SMALLEST)
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3 WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS ARE CALLED ------------?
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TUNICS
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TUNICS SURROUND AND FORM A -------?
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LUMEN
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1ST LAYER OF BLOOD VESSEL IS CALLED ?
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TUNIC INTIMA
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TUNIC INTIMA IS AN ENDOTHIELIAL LINING THAT IS ?
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SMOOTH AND SLICK
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2ND LAYER OF BLOOD VESSELS WALLL IS ?
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TUNIC MEDIA
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TUNIC MEDIA
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THICKEST LAYER
SMOOTH MUSCLE SYMPATHETIC NER. SYSTEM CAPPABLE OF CONSTRICTION AND RELAXATION |
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TUNIC MEDIA DOES WHAT IMPORTANT THING?
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MAINTIANS BLOOD PRESSURE AND CIRCULATION
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3RD LAYER OF BLOOD VESSEL WALL IS ?
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TUNICA EXTERNA (ADVENTITIA)
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OTHER NAME FOR TUNICA "EXTERNA"
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TUNICA ADVENTITIA
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ALL BLOOD VESSELS HAVE 3 TUNICS EXCEPT FOR ?
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THE SMALLEST ONES (BV)
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INNER TUNICS GET NUTRIENTS FROM?
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BLOOD (LUMINAL) THE LUMEN BLOOD
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TUNICA EXTERNA DOES WHAT?
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PROTECTS AND REINFORCES
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LUMEN IN ARTERY IS ------------ THAN LUMEN IN VEINS?
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SMALLER
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IF A BLOOD VESSELS IS SUPERFICIAL WHAT KIND IS IT?
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VEIN
ARTERIES ARE DEEP NOT SUPERFICIAL |
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WHAT % BLOOD IS IN THE VEINS SYSTEM?
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60%
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WHAT LAYER IS MADE OF SMOOTH MUSLCLE IN BV?
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TUNICA MEDIA
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ARTERIES DEAL WITH MORE OR LESS PRESSURE THAN VEINS?
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MORE ... WAY MORE
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------------- CAPILLARIES -------------
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ARTERIOLES
VENULES |
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CAPILLARIES ARE ONLY ------------ LAYER THICK?
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ONE
SO THAT EXCHANGES CAN OCCUR BY DIFFUSION |
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CAN A CAPILLARIES BED BE CUT OFF ( IN AN EMERGENCY)
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YES
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ELASTIC ARTERIES?
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LARGEST
BLOOD FROM L VENTRICLE THICKEST CLOSEST TO HEART AORTA AND ALL MAJOR BRANCHES LARGE LUMEN MAKE THEM "LOW RESISTANCE" VESSELS MORE ELASTIN (FOR STRETCHING) CONTAIN LARGE AMOUNTS OF SMOOTH MUSLCE ANY LOSS OF ELASTICITY CAUSES INCREASE OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE |
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LARGE LLUMEN MAKE THESE LOW RESISTANCE VESSELS?
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ELASTIC ARTERIES
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MOST SMOOTH MUSCLES IN WHAT ARTERY?
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ELASTIC ARTERIES
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MOST ELASTIN IS FOUND IN WHAT ARTERY?
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ELASTIC ARTERY
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MUSCLLAR ARTERIES DELIVER BLOOD TO WHERE?
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BODY ORGANS
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MUSCULAR ARTERIES CONTAIN MORE WHAT?
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SMOOTH MUSCLE
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WHAT IS AN ACTIVE VASOCONSTRICTORS?
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MUSCULAR ARTERIES
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WHAT IS LESS ELASTIC THAN CONDUCTING ARTERIES?
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MUSCULAR ARTEREIES
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SMALLEST ARTERIES?
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ARTERIOLES
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DO ANY ARTERIOLS HAVE 3 TUNICS?
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YES, THE LARGEST ARTERIOLES DO HAVE 3
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BV PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE TO BLOOD FLOW TO TISSUES?
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ARTERIOLES...
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CAPPILARIES HAVE -------- LYAER OF ENDOTHELIUM?
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ONE
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A CAPILLARIES IS EQUAL IN SIZE TO WHAT?
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RBC
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HOW MANY TYPES OF CAPILLARIES?
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3
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CONTINUOUS CAPILLARIES?
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MOST COMMON
FOUND IN SKIN AND MUSCLE CONTINOUS ENDO LINING TIGHT JUNCTIONS WITH INTERCELLUAR CLEFTS |
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WHAT HAS INTERCELLULAR CLEFTS?
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CAPILLARIES (CONTINOUS)
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WHAT IS AN INTERCELLULAR CLEFT?
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SMALL OPEINGS THAT ALLOW PASSAGE OF FLUIDS AND SMALL SOLUTES
I.E. BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER |
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FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES
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LIKE CONT. CAP
EXCEPT MORE PERMEABLE..HAVE PORES COMMON IN KIDNEYS, INTESTINES |
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SINUSOIDS
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FOUND ONLY IN SPEC. AREAS
LIVER, BONE MARROW VERY LEAKY FEW TIGHT JUNCTIONS ALLOW LARGE MOLECULES THRU |
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CAPILLARIES FUNICTION ?
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WITH OTHER THINGS
NOT INDEPENDANT |
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CAPILLARY BEDS ARE MADE BY 2 VESSELS?
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VASCULAR SHUNT
TRUE CAPILLARY |
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PRECAPILLARY SPHINCTER?
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CONTROLS BLOOD FLOW TO CAP BEDS
--NITROUS OXIDE DIALATE VASODIALATE DURING EXERCIZE (CLASS DISCUSSION) |
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VENULES FORM WHEN ------?
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CAPPILARIES UNITE
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POSTCAPILLARY VENULES?
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ENDOTHELIUM
LEAKY (LIKE CAPILLARIES) --WHERE FLUID AND WBC ENTER IS IN THE VEINS (VENULES) |
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WBC AND FLUID ENTER CIRCULATION WHERE?
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IN THE VENULES
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VEINS
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MERGED VENULES FORM VEINS
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VEINS
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CONATIN 3 TUNICS
--COMPARED TO ARTERIES : LUMENS ARE LARGER...WALLS ARE THINNER...LESS SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ELASTIN |
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VEINS CAN ACCOMODATE -------- BLOOD VOLUMES?
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LARGER (THAN ARTERIES)
65% OF BLOOD IN VEINS |
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VEINS HAVE ------------- BLOOD PRESSURE THAN ARTERIES?
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LOWER
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STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS OF HEART HELP MAX THE RETURN OF BLOOD?
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--INCREASED LUMEN REDUCES RESISTANCE
--ONE-WAY VALVES FOUND IN VEINS (PERIFERY) VS. FUNCTIONAL VEINS |
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LOWEST PRESSURE GRADIENT?
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RIGHT ATRIA IN HEART
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INCREASED LUMEN IN VEINS HELP ?
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REDUCE RESISTANCE
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VENOUS SINUSES CONTAIN ONLY?
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ENDOTHELIAL LINING
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ONE WAY VALVES FOUND IN ?
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VEINS
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WHAT IS BLOOD FLOW?
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VOLUME OF BLOOD FLOWING THRU ENTIRE SYSTEM
--IS = TO CO (CARDIAC OUTPUT) |
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WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE?
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FORCE EXERTED (SYSTEMIC) ON THE VESSEL WALLS BY THE BLOOD
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BP
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ASSUMES SYSTEMIC
LARGE ARTERIES NEAR HEART |
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WHAT HELPS MAINTAIN FLOW OF BLOOD?
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PRESSURE GRADIENT
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RESISTANCE
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PROV OPPOSITION TO FLOW
MEASURE OF FRICTION |
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3 PRIMARY SOUCES?
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BLOOD VISCOSITY (THICKER VS. THINNER)
VESSEL LENGTH VESSEL DIAMETER |
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WHAT IS BLOOD VISCOSITY?
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THICKNESS OR THINNESS OF BLOOD
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RELATIONSHIP BTN
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FLOW IS PROPORTIONAL TO CHANGE OF BP... INVERSELY PROPORTIONALLY TO PERIPHIAL RESISTANCE
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WHAT GENERATES BLOOD FLOW?
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HEART
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WHAT GENERATES BP?
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RESISTANCE IN BV
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WAHT PRODUCES A PULSTICLE ACTION?
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PUMP HEART
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BLOOD FLOW IS ------------
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INTERMITTEN
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VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION?
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SYSTOLE
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VENTRICULAR RELAXATION
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DIASTOLE
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PULSE PRESSURE ?
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PULSE IS PRODUCED BY ELASTIC ARTERIES EXPANDING
--DIFF BTN SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC PRESSURE |
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SYSTOLIC / DIASTOLI
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???WHAT
RECOIL (DIASTOLIC) |
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WHAT IS LONGER DIATSTOLE OR SYSTOLIC?
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DIASTOLIC
HEART IS RELAXED LONGER THAN WORKING |
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MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE
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****KNOW THIS..NOT PULSE PRESSURE
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ON ARTERIAL SIDE OF CAPILLARIES BP IS?
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35MM Hg (MERCURY)
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HIGH PRESSURE WOULD RUPTURE CAPPILLARIES?
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TRUE
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VEINS LOW PRESSURE ALLOWS FOR FLUIDS IN?>
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TRUE
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ARE BLOOD FLOW AND CARDIAC OUTPUT THE SAME T/F?
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TRUE
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WE ALWAYS ASSUME -------- PRESSURE UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED?
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SYSTEMIC
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AVE RESTING SYSTOLIC BP?
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120/
OVER 80 (THE DIASTOLIC #) |
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LOWEST PRESSURE OF HEART?
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R ATRIA
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WHAT IS OPPOSITION?
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PROVIDES RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW
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3 SOURCES OF RESISTANCE?
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VISCOSITY (THICKNESS OR THINESS)
VESSEL LENGTH VESSEL DIAMETER |
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PUMPING HEART GENERATES ?
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BLOOD FLOW
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RESISTANCE IN BLOOD VESSELS GENERATES?
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BP
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HOW IS SYSTOLIC NUMBER (BP) PRODUCED?
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ELASTIC STRETCHING OF THE ARTERIES DURING CONTRACTION
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HOW IS DIASTOLIC NUMBER (BP) PRODUCED?
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THE RECOIL OF ARTERIES DURING RELAXATION
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PULSE PRESSURE IS WHAT?
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THE DIFF. BTN STSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
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WHAT IS MAP?
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THE PRESSURE THAT PUSHES BLOOD THRU THE VESSELS
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MAP IS = TO WHAT?
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DIASTOLIC PRESSURE + ( PULSE PRESSURE X 1/3 )
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HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE INTO CAPILLARIES WOULD DO WHAT?
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BLOW OUT THE CAPILLARIES
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BLOOD FLOW IN VEINS RANGE OF BP?
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15-0
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WHAT 3 FUNCTIONAL MODIFICATIONS HELP MAINTAIN BLOOD FLOW IN VEINS?
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-RESPIRATORY PUMP
MUSCLE PUMP SMOOTH MUSCLE |
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SMOOTH MUSCLE WILL ------- IF IT IS STRETCHED?
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CONTRACT
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BP OF THE VENA CAVA IS?
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0...JUST ZERO
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STROKE VOL. CONTROLLED BY ?
AT REST |
STARLING'S LAW (EDV)
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HEART RATE IS CONTROLLED?
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INTRINISICALLY
(PARASYMPATHETIC DOMINIATION AT REST) |
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AT REST WHAT IS DOMINANT?
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PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
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DURING STRESS WHAT TAKES OVER FOR H.R."?
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SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
OR CARDIOACCESLEERATORY CENTER NOT ONLY HEART RATE, INCREASES CONTRACTILLITY, AND LEADS TO DOWN ESV |
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WHAT INCREASES CO AND MAP MAINTAINS A STEADY FLOW OF BLOOD TO BODY?
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DURNING STRESS
CARDIOACCELERATORY CENTER |
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WHAT IS KEY TO MAINTAINING BLOOD FLOW?
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REGULATING BLOOD PRESSURE
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MATH UNDER HEADING
"MAINTAINING BLOOD PRESSURE" |
F + CHANGE P/R THEN CO + CO x R
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CONTROL OF -------------- IS THE KEY TO CONTROL OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING RELATING TO THE CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM?
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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SHORT TERM NEURAL CONTROLS
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IS NOT ON TEST
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NEURAL CONTROL INVOLVES ?
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BARO-RECEPTORS
STIMULUS INHIBITS VASOMOTRO CENTER...CAUSED VASODIALATION |
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CHANGES IN PERIPHIAL RESISTANCE IS AN EFFECT OF ?
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HORMONES CONTROLS
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BLOOD FLOW
ADRENAL MEDULLA? HORMONE CONTROL |
NOREPIENEPHRINE
EPINEPHRINE |
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BLOOD FLOW
KIDNEYS? 3 THINGS HORMONE CONTROL |
RELASE RENIN, GENERATES ANGIOSTENSISN II , STIMULATES VASOCONSTRICTION
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BLOOD FLOW
ATIRIA? HORMONE CONTROL |
ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP) DECREASE BP AND BV (STIM KIDNEYS TO EXCRETE Na+ AND WATER)
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BLOOD FLOW
HYPOTHALAMUS HORMONE CONTROL |
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) STIM KIDNEYS TO CONSEREVE WATER, SHORT TERM IMPORTANCE DURING SEVERE BLOOD LOSS
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LONG TERM,
BECAUSE THE KIDNEYS WILL EVENTRUALLY ADAPT...WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE TO RESTORE OR MAINTAIN BP? |
KIDNEYS
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WHAT IS DIRECT RENAL MECHANISM?
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ELIMINATION OF WATER
NO HOROMONES USED |
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WHAT IS INDIRECT RENAL MECHANISM
? |
WATER RETENTION AND VASOCONSTRICTION
YES , TO HORMONES |
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BLOOD VOLUME LOSS WILL RESULT IN WHAT ? IN TERMES OF BP?
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A DROP
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THEIR IS A STRONG ASS. BTN HEART AND ---------------?
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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WHAT ARE VITALS SIGNS?
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PULSE
BP RESPIRATORY RATE TEMPERATURE |
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PULSE IS CREATED BY WHAT?
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RECOIL AND EXPANSION OF OF ARTERIES
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PULSE CAN USE ANY ---------- LOCATED WHERE?
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ARTERIY
LOCATED CLOSE TO SURFACE |
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HYPO-TENSION = ?
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LOW BP
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ANY SYSTOLIC BELOW 100 IS ?
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HYPO-TENSION
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ACUTE HYPO-TENSION?
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SHOCK
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CHRONIC HYPO-TENSION?
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DEFICIENT DIET
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HYPTER-TENSION (HIGH BP) IS WHAT?
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BP WITH
+140 SYSTOLIC OR... +90 DIASTOLIC |
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HYPER-TENSION CAN BE --------- OR ------------?
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ACUTE OR
CHORNIC |
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90% OF HYPER-TENSIVE'S HAVE "ESSENTIAL" HYPER-TENSION?
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-HEART FAILURE
-VASCULAR DISEASE -RENAL FAILURE -STROKE -ATHROSCLEROSIS |
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WHAT IS 2ND-ARY HYPER-TENSION?
|
MEANS THAT WE KNOW THE CAUSE...
UNLIKE NORMAL HYPER-TENSION WHICH WE DO NOT KNOW THE CAUSE OF |
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THE FORMED ELEMENTS ---------- CAN KILL PARASITIC WORMS?
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EOSINOPHILS
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THE RAREST LEUKOCYTE IS THE ?
|
BASOPHIL
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WHEN MONOCYTES MIGRATE FROM THE CIRULATORY SYSTEM INTO THE INTERSTITIAL SPACES, THEY ARE CALLED -------------?
|
MACROPHAGES
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DESTRUCTION OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC COMPONENTS OF RED MARROW LEADS TO A CONDITION CALLED?
|
APLASTIC ANEMIA
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---------- IS A STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE LIFE OF AN ERYTHROCYTE DURING WHICH THE NUCLEUS IS EJECTED?
|
NORMOBLAST
PHASE 3 |
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IN THE FETAL HEART THERE IS AN OPENING CALLED THE ---------- ---------- THAT ALLOWS BLOOD TO FLOW FROM THE RIGHT ATRIUM DIRECTLY TO THE LEFT ATRIUM?
|
FORAMEN OVALE
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THE --------- AND -------- VALVES OF THE HEART HAVE NO CHORDAE TENDINASES?
|
PULMONARY
AORTIC |
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THE ---------- MEMBRANE COVERS THE HEART?
|
VISCERAL LAYER OF THE PERICARDIUM
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SPEC. CONDUCTIVE CELLS FOUND IN THE VENTRICLES ARE CALLED THE ?
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PURKINJE FIBERS
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DEFINE BRADYCARDIA?
|
RESTING H.R. UNDER 60 BPM
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