Ap2 Ch 18 Pt 1

Front 1

pulmonary circuit

Back 1

–Right side receives oxygen-poor blood
from tissues
• Pumps to lungs to get rid of CO2, pick
up O2, via pulmonary circuit

Front 2

systemic circuit

Back 2

Left side receives oxygenated blood
from lungs
• Pumps to body tissues via systemic
circuit

Front 3

Receiving chambers of heart:

Back 3

– Right atrium
• Receives blood returning from systemic circuit
– Left atrium
• Receives blood returning from pulmonary
circuit

Front 4

Pumping chambers of heart:

Back 4

– Right ventricle
• Pumps blood through pulmonary circuit
– Left ventricle
• Pumps blood through systemic circuit

Front 5

Arteries

Back 5

Away!

Front 6

Veins

Back 6

Toward!

Front 7

Heart Anatomy
• Location:

Back 7

– In mediastinum between second rib and fifth
intercostal space
– On superior surface of diaphragm
– Two-thirds of heart to left of midsternal line or midline line
– Ant to vert column, posterior to sternum
– Enclosed in pericardium, a double-walled sac

Front 8

Base leans toward:

Back 8

posterior surface) leans toward right shoulder

Front 9

Apex points toward

Back 9

left hip

Front 10

Where is fibrous pericardium and what is its function

Back 10

Superficial
–Protects, anchors to surrounding
structures, and prevents overfilling
–Allows for the heart to work in a
relatively friction-free environment

Front 11

Deep two-layered serous pericardium consists of:

Back 11

–Parietal layer lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium
–Visceral layer (epicardium) on external surface of heart

Front 12

What is the cavity between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium and what is its basic function?

Back 12

pericardial cavity

(decreases friction)

Front 13

Pericarditis

Back 13

– Inflammation of pericardium
–Roughens membrane surfaces 
pericardial friction rub (beating heart
rubs against pericardial sac = creaking
sound) heard with stethoscope (pain
deep to sternum

Front 14

Cardiac tamponade

Back 14

• Excess fluid sometimes compresses
heart  limited pumping ability

Front 15

Three layers of heart wall: superficial to deep

Back 15

–Epicardium
–Myocardium
• (cardiac muscle layer)
–Endocardium

Front 16

Epicardium is also known as:

Back 16

–Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Front 17

Endocarditis:

Back 17

inflammation of the endocardium;
typically confined to endocardium of heart valves; often result of infection via bacteria that have entered blood stream; drug addicts acquire by using contaminated needles

Front 18

Epicarditis:

Back 18

rare, usually in conjunction with pericarditis; epicardium constricts the heart due to thickening (inflammation)

Front 19

Four chambers:

Back 19

– Two superior atria
– Two inferior ventricles

Front 20

separates atria

Back 20

Interatrial septum

Front 21

remnant of foramen ovale of fetal heart

Back 21

Fossa ovalis –

Front 22

separates ventricles

Back 22

Interventricular septum

Front 23

When do atria and ventricles contract in relation to each other?

Back 23

Both atria contract simultaneously & both
ventricles contract simultaneously!

Front 24

Auricles

Back 24

–Appendages that increase atrial volume

Front 25

Pectinate muscles: where are they found and what do they look like?

Back 25

anterior portion of atria; bundles of muscles form ridges in the walls

Front 26

What muscles are only in the auricles?

Back 26

–Pectinate muscles only in auricles

Front 27

Three veins empty into right atrium:

Back 27

–Superior vena cava,

inferior vena cava,

coronary sinus

Front 28

Four pulmonary veins empty into left
atrium:

Back 28

– 2 Right and 2 left pulmonary veins
• uses 1/20 of the blood supply even though
only 1/200 of the body’s weight

Front 29

What enters right atrium via superior vena cava:

Back 29

returns blood from body regions superior to diaphragm

Front 30

What enters right atrium via inferior vena cava?

Back 30

returns blood from body regions inferior to diaphragm

Front 31

What enters right atrium via coronary sinus:

Back 31

collects blood draining from myocardium layer of heart

Front 32

What enters the left atrium?

Back 32

– 4 pulmonary veins transport oxygenated
blood from lungs back to heart

Front 33

Trabeculae carneae –

Back 33

irregular ridges of muscle on walls

Front 34

Papillary muscles –

Back 34

anchor chordae tendineae

Front 35

Right ventricle
– Pumps blood into :

Back 35

pulmonary trunk
– Routes blood to lungs for gas exchange to occur

Front 36

Left ventricle
– Pumps blood into :

Back 36

aorta (largest artery in body)
– Routes blood to rest of body for gas exchange to occur

Front 37

Two atrioventricular (AV) valves:

funtion and names

Back 37

– Prevent backflow into atria when ventricles
contract
– Tricuspid valve (AKA right AV valve)
– Mitral valve (AKA left AV valve, bicuspid valve)

Front 38

Chordae tendineae function

Back 38

anchor cusps to papillary muscles
• Hold valve flaps in closed position

Front 39

Two semilunar (SL) valves names:

Back 39

–Aortic semilunar valve
–Pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 40

function of the two SL valves?

Back 40

–Prevent backflow into ventricles when
ventricles relax
–Open and close in response to pressure
changes

Front 41

location of pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 41

lie between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Front 42

location of aortic semilunar valve

Back 42

lies between left ventricle and aorta

Front 43

Incompetent valve

Back 43

• Blood backflows so heart repumps same blood over and over

Front 44

Valvular stenosis

Back 44

• Stiff flaps – constrict opening  heart
must exert more force to pump blood

Front 45

Pathway of Blood Through the Heart
• Pulmonary circuit

Back 45

Incoming from superior and inferior vena cava
& coronary sinus  Right atrium  tricuspid
valve  right ventricle
– Right ventricle  pulmonary semilunar valve
 pulmonary trunk  pulmonary arteries 
lungs
– Lungs  2 right & 2 left pulmonary veins 
left atrium

Front 46

Pathway of Blood Through the Heart
• Systemic circuit

Back 46

Left atrium  mitral valve  left ventricle
– Left ventricle  aortic semilunar valve 
aorta
– Aorta  systemic circulation (all tissues)