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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter |
anything that occupies space and has mass solid, liquid, gas |
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all forms of matter composed of |
atoms |
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atom |
smallest particle that exhibits chemical properties of element |
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element |
natural and artificially produced organized into periodic table C, O, H, N major constituents |
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larger than trace amount |
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron, iodine |
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trace elements (<0.01%) |
Cr, Co, Cu, F, Mn, Mo, Se, Si, Sn, V, Zn |
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atom |
smallest particle that exhibits chemical properties of an element "indivisible" |
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nucleus |
contains protons (p+) and neutrons (n^0) atomic mass |
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electrons (e-) |
lighter
move about the nucleus in oribals (energy shells) |
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planetary model: |
fixed, generally circular orbits or shells |
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orbital model |
electron cloud |
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atomic number |
subscript |
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atomic mass number |
superscript |
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atomic weight |
average of relative mass numbers of all isotopes of an element |
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isotopes |
elements with same number of protons but different number neutrons |
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radioisotopes are |
unstable decay over time into stable state emit: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma particles |
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polar molecule
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unequal sharing of electrons (opposing charges) |
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h2o |
cells contain 60-80% water polar molecule forms H-bonds with neighbors electrically neutral (as a whole) cohesion, surface tension, adhesion |
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h2o |
high specific heat high heat of vaporization universal solvent |
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h2o |
dissolves polar substances hydrophilic substances (polar) are water soluble hydrophobic substances (nonpolar) are insoluble in water amphipathic |
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cohesion |
attraction between water molecules stick together |
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surface tension
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inward pulling of cohesive forces at surface of water |
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adhesion |
attraction between water molecules and another substance (not water) |
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hydrophilic |
water loving |
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hydrophobic |
water fearing |
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cation |
positively charged ion |
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anion |
negatively charged ion |
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buffer |
biological fluid resist changes in pH when acid or base is added donate or accept H+ carbonic acid acts as buffer in blood |
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osmoles |
reflects whether substance dissolves, or dissolves and dissociates unit of measurement for number of particles in solution |
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osmolarity |
number of particles in a 1 liter solution |
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osmolality |
number of particles in 1 kg of water |
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mole |
6.02x10^23 atoms, ions, molecules |
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molecular mass |
average atomic mass of each element |
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d |
d |
