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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Growth in thickness or appositional growth
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cells of the inner periosteum layer differentiate into osteoblast and deposit superficial layers of bone matrix, increasing bone in diameter
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Bone Remodeling
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continuous process that happens at same rate where osteoclast breaks old matrix and osteoblast produces new ones
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Bone and calcium homeostasis
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8.5 to 11 mg/dL is the normal blood level of Ca; found in bones, nerve function, muscle contraction, and blood clotting; negative feedback using PTH and calcitonin
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PTH or parathyroid hormone
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Produced by parathyroid gland when Ca blood level is below 8.5 mg/dL; activate osteoclast, stimulate Vit D, and suppress kidney
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Calcitonin
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Produced by thyroid gland when Ca blood level is above 11 mg/dL; stimulates osteoblast and kidney activities
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Fracture or broken bone classification
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Transverse, Greenstick, Colles’, Comminuted, Pott’s, Compression
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Transverse fracture
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Straight horizontal break on the bone
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Spiral fracture
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“S” shape break on the long bone; happens when long bone is twisted
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Greenstick fracture
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“green stick” as in young tree branch; young children’s bone will not break totally and bend on one side
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Colles' fracture
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Break on the distal end of the radius resulting on broken wrist
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Comminuted fracture
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a break that result in many pieces
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Pott’s fracture
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Both bones (tibia and fibula) break resulting in an ankle fracture
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Compression fracture
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Happens when a bone is pushed against another bone such as the vertebrae after a vehicular accident
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Osteopenia
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Inadequate ossification → thin and weak bones → osteoporosis; happens during low estrogen production of women age 45 and above; there is less osteoblast activity
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Osteoporosis
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Result after chronic osteopenia; ↓osteoblast activity + continous osteoclast activity = less bone mass or “porotic” bone
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Rickets
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Vit D deficiency in young children lead to less Ca synthesized from the diet lead to soft bone then bowed leg
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Osteomalacia
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Vit D deficiency in adult; happens in countries that has less sunlight
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