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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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diaphysis
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shaft of long bone, compact bone
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long bone
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epiphysis
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end of long bone, spongy bone
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long bone
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periosteum
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fibrous membrane which covers the bone
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long bone
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articular cartilage
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thin layer of cartilage that covers epiphyseal surface
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long bone
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medullary cavity
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marrow cavity, in diaphysis of long bone, yellow marrow
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long bone
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yellow marrow
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fatty substance in medullary cavity
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long bone
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endosteum
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membrane lining the medullary cavity in long bone
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long bone
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epiphyseal line
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closed epiphyseal plate
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long bone
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epiphyseal plate
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site of growth of long bone
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long bone
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cancellous bone
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spongy bone
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long bone
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4 functions of periosteum
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protection, lets BV in, growth in diameter (osetoblasts), point of attachment for tendons
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long bone
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How are most long bones formed in the body?
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endochondral ossification
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ossification
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How do bones grow in length?
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epiphyseal plate
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How do bones grow in width?
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appositional growth; osteoblasts in periostium
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haversian canal
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longitudinal canal in center of Haversian systems
contains BVs, nerves, and lymphatics |
long bone
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lamellae
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concentric rings of calcified matrix around the Haverisan canal
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long bone
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lacunae
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cavities b/w lamellae that contain osteocytes/chondrocytes
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long bone
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osteocytes
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mature bone cells, in lacunae
NOT in ground bone slide |
long bone
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canaliculi
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small canals radiate from Haversian canal, connect lacunae
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long bone
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haverisan system
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each set of concentric rings
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long bone
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volkmann's canal
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penetrates periosteum and run inward horizontally, connects with haversian canal
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long bone
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Where is articular cartilage and of what type of cartilage is does it consist?
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covers epiphyseal surface
hyaline cartilage |
long bone
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chondrocytes
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cartilage cells in lacunae in groups of 2-4, glossy matrix
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long bone
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hydroxyapatites
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inorganic compound of long bone matrix
provides hardness crystals made of various calcium salts |
long bone
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collagen fibers
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protein
organic compound of long bone matrix provides flexibility |
long bone
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frontal bone
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1 forms forehead and upper part of orbits
2 sinuses |
skull
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parietal bone
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2 forms sides and roof of cranium
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skull
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occipital bone
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1 forms posterior part of skull and base of skull
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skull
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foramen magnum
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occipital bone, large hole contains spinal cord
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skull
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occipital condyles
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occipital bone, articulates with atlas
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skull
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temporal bone
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2 forms side of skull and part of cranial floor
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skull
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zygomatic process
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temporal bone
forms posterior part of cheekbone |
skull
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mastoid process
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temporal bone
rounded projection posterior to ear |
skull
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styloid process
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temporal bone
sharp process, directed inferiorly, attaches hyoid ligaments |
skull
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external auditory meatus
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temporal bone
ear canal |
skull
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mandibular fossa
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temporal bone
depression forms socket for mandible |
skull
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sphenoid bone
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1 keystone of cranial floor
extends from one side of skull to other forms side of skull, most of cranial floor, part of orbit resembles 'flying bat' |
skull
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body of sphenoid bone
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sphenoid bone
central portion |
skull
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greater wings
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sphenoid bone
reach to each side of skull form side of skull |
skull
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sella turcica
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sphenoid bone
saddle shaped depression on superior surface of floor of skull houses pituitary gland |
skull
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ethmoid bone
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1 inner surface of cranium
anterior to sphenoid forms nasal cavity, part of orbit |
skull
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perpendicular plate
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ethmoid
can be seen anterior of nasal cavity forms superior portion of nasal septum |
skull
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cribriform plate
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ethmoid bone
perforated structure, seen superior view of cranial floor allows passing of olfactory nerves |
skull
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crista galli
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ethmoid
process directed superiorly from cribriform plate anchors meninges |
skull
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superior nasal conchae
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ethmoid
can not be seen anterior view of nasal cavity lateral projection |
skull
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middle nasal conchae
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ethmoid bone
lateral projection helps to warm air |
skull
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coronal suture
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joins frontal and parietal bones
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sagittal suture
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midline; joins two parietal bones
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squamosal suture
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joins temporal bone to parietal and sphenoid
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lambdoidal suture
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joins occipital bone
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nasal bone
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2 form bridge of nose
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facial
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maxillary bone
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2 form upper jaw, part of orbit, anterior part of hard palate
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facial
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lacrimal bone
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2 tiny, form medial walls of orbit
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facial
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zygomatic bone
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2 articulate w/ temporal bone, form zygomatic arch (cheek bone)
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facial
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palatine bone
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2 form posterior part of hard palate, small bit of orbit floor
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facial
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vomer
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1 forms inferior part of nasal septum
shaped like plow share |
facial
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inferior nasal concha
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2 OWN BONE (others part of ethmoid)
form lower part of lateral walls of nasal cavity |
facial
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mandible
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1 lower jaw
ONLY movable bone in skull! |
facial
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body of mandible
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main horizontal part, forms chin
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facial
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alveolar process
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sockets for teeth in mandible
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facial
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mandibular condyle
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mandible
articulates with manubular fossa of temporal bone |
facial
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wormian bone
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extra bones in sutures
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skull
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paranasal sinus
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mucus membrane-lined vacities within bones, drain into nasal cavity
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frontal (anterior) fontanel
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soft spot between frontal bones and parietal bones
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babies
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occipital (posterior) fontanel
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soft spot between occipital bone and parietal bones
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babies
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mastoid (posterolateral) fontanel
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2 soft spot above mastoid process of temporal bone
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babies
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sphenoidal (anterolateral) fontanel
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2 soft spot near sphenoid bone
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babies
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scoliosis
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lateral deviation, usually thoracic region
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abnormal spine curvature
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kyphosis
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hunchback, exaggerated thoracic curve
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abnormal spine curvature
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lordosis
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swayback, exaggerated lumbar curve
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abnormal spine curvature
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What are intervertebral discs composed of?
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outer ring: fibrocartilage
inner: soft elastic core |
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What is fibrocartilage composed of?
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collagen fibers and chondrocytes
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body of vertebra
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round, weight-bearing portion, most anterior
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vertebrae
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vertebral arch
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encloses vertebral foramen
pedicles - lateral processes that form the arch laminae - posterior processes that form the arch |
vertebrae
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pedicle
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lateral processes that form the vertebral arch
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vertebrae
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lamina
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posterior parts of the vertebral arch
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vertebrae
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vertebral foramen
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enclosed by vertebral arch (every vertebra)
houses spinal cord |
vertebrae
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transverse processes of vertebra
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2 lateral projections
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vertebra
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superior articular processes of vertebra
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2 superior projections
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vertebra
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inferior articular processes of vertebra
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2 inferior projections
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vertebra
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spinous process
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single medial projection on vertebra, most posterior portion
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vertebra
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transverse foramen of vertebra
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only present on cervical vert.
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vertebra
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atlas
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C1
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vertebra
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axis
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C2
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vertebra
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superior articular facets
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on atlas, articulates with occipital condyles on occipital bone
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vertebra
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inferior articular facets
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on atlas, articulates with C2
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vertebra
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dens
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on axis, projects up through ring of atlas
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vertebra
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odontoid process
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AKA dens
on axis, projects up through ring of atlas |
vertebra
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What passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebra?
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Blood vessels
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vertebra
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demifacets
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on thoracic vert.
articulate with heads of ribs |
vertebra
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facets on vertebra
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on thoracic vert.
articulate with tubercles of ribs |
vertebra
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sacrum
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articulates superiorly with L5, inferiorly with coccyx, laterally with hip bones
fusion of 5 vertebrae |
vertebra
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